george washington's confidante. >> she was very capable. she did not like that. she called herself a prisoner of state. >> by the same token that every step washington took to find the office, so can it be said that everything martha washington did, likewise. >> it was a businesslike relationship. but not without affection. they had a deep respect for each other. >> she owned most of this whole block, going back a couple of acres. she owned a huge chunk of what williamsburg was. >> there was a lot of tragedy in martha washington's life. she lost her first husband. >> she was raised a rich woman. what that means in the 18th century, that is not necessarily what it means today. >> she brings with her to mount vernon 12 house slaves. that is almost an unimaginable luxury. >> it takes for 10 days to travel here to valley forge from mount vernon in her carriage with her slaves and servants with her. this is a difficult journey. >> her experience had prepared her to become the first lady. >> martha washington was 57 years old in 1789 when she and george washington left their beloved virgin

image." this is about one hour and a half. ♪ >> martha washington was george washington's confidant. >> she was absorbed and capable but she did not like that definition. she called herself a prisoner of state. >> every step washington took, to find the office, -- washington took defined the office so, in a very real sense, can it be said that everything martha washington did likewise? >> it was a business-like relationship but not without respect and affection. >> she owned most of this whole block going back a couple of acres which means she owned a huge chunk of what williamsburg was. >> there was a lot of tragedy and martha washington's life. she lost her husband. first >> she was raised a rich woman and what that meant in the 18th century is not what it means today. >> when she marries george washington, she brings with her to mount vernon 12 house slaves and that is really almost an unimaginable luxury. >> it took 10 days to travel here to valley forge from mount vernon in her carriage with her slaves and servants with her and this was a difficult journey. >> her experience ha

student at george washington. i would like to know now that the president's wife is running for president, she is actually going out there and campaigning for him -- is that in modern conception or is there someone from the past, 19th century or earlier, that we would have been surprised to know played a huge influence in getting her husband nominated. >> in the late 19th century, you had some new campaign techniques. one was the front porch campaign which had not been used in the earlier part of the 19th century. and you had a whistle stop campaign. the early front porch campaigns were garfield and harrison. what you find is that type of campaigning brings up the party's base full to the home -- brings the parties faithful up to the home. the wife becomes invisible partner on the ongoing campaign, even though at that point she, herself, did not become politicized. she is very much in her home. she was very much a part of her husband's campaign. you find a lot of women in the 20th century who were campaigning behind the scenes. certainly eleanor roosevelt was extremely active in

author of one book on george bush's foreign-policy. we heard barbara bush talk about the fact that when she became first lady, her words were much more attention getting. that trend continues. we will see clips of an interview that she gave to us in october. one of them has been bouncing all around the news networks for several days because she talked about presidential dynasties, political dynasties, and the potential for jeb bush's presidential aspirations. barbara bush -- she had a reputation for a good quote and candid comments. >> she was always very aware of her public persona and i think she was always concerned about whether it would have political consequences for her husband. she also was very candid and sometimes a comment slipped out and she admonished herself or from time to time. >> the candid barbara bush had some pluses and minuses. >> she would really speak her mind and she was somebody who would speak her mind to the president, but not in a public way. she would tell him what she really thought. >> as we are working our way through the biographies of these women,

room in the south wing of the mansion that was started in 1775 right before george washington left to participate in the continental congress and the revolutionary war. george washington always referred to it as open quote mrs. washington's chamber" and -- as "mrs. washington's chamber" and it is always referred to as her area. she spent time in that chamber, doing her hour of spiritual meditation. perhaps later in the date writing letters, talking with her coax -- her cooks to plan menus for the day, giving assignments she also use that room for teaching the children, elling them stories. you can imagine how wonderful it would have been in that room. one of the most notable pieces is the bed in that bed chamber. that is the bed on which george washington died. but we also know that martha washington's had a role in acquiring that bad. another piece in the room had a very close connection with martha washington, her desk. although very little of the correspondence between george and washington -- george and martha washington has survived, because they savored their private correspo

washington was george washington's confidant. >> she was a person very absorbed in duty and very capable. but she didn't like that. she called herself a prisoner of state. >> by the same token that every step washington took to find the office, so in a very real sense kit be said everything martha washington did like wise. >> it was a business-like relationship, but not i think without affection. i think they had deep respect and affection for each other. >> it was as close to her how many town. she would own most of this block going back a couple acres, which mean she owned a huge chunk of what williamsburg was. there was a lot of tragedy in martha washington's life, she lost her first husband. she was raised a rich woman. now, what that means in 18th century is not familiesly what it means today. >> when she marries george washington she brings with her to mount vernon 12 house slaves, and that is really almost an unimaginable luxury. >> it takes her 10 days to travel here to valley forge from mount vern oranges in her carriage with her slaves and servants with her. and this wa

point? >> i cannot remember. from the day to remember. i talked to george once i got there and my mother. she was the one i really wanted to call. i wonder her to say everything would be all right. i called her and said everything will be all right. >> how did she respond? how did she redefine her role? say, i was with her that day because i was covering her for the washington post. there was some confusion anybody was whether going to -- she and senator kennedy made a brief statement to the press over there. i can remember looking at her -- she twists her fingers at her sides when she is struggling with something that is very traumatic. she isber thinking getting her mother lost wisdom. -- mother-in-law's wisdom. what she kept a say over and over again, we have to make sure we tell our children we love them as america is a strong country and will get through. keeping with her as a library and teacher and she dedicated herself to that. things were very different. to thewrote a letter children of america a day after 9/11. some of what it said -- a personal message. as a nation, we

george w. bush and laura bush have a project or foundation that they both work on and i am wondering if you could talk about that a little bit. i am sorry that we do not know more about it. >> can you talk about how this works in the world of giving and finance and how one can be a public figure and except contributions like this and what it does politically? >> laura bush continues to work on the issues that are of importance to her. is aush center collaboration of a number of different institutions. including the bush library and the bush institute. the bushes continue to further they began to take initiatives towards in the white house. >> they do that with the help of donors. >> yes. they raise money that goes into the bush institute and the bush library as well. >> in the case of laura bush, her husband is not going to be running for president again and she is not going to be running herself. donors might gain if there were another bush, for instance, that might run for president. yes, i think that is possible. i think that they are sort of protected at this point from that. with m

from president obama at the white house. then dr. mehmet oz. ♪ >> martha washington was george washington's confidante. >> she was very capable. she did not like that. she called herself a prisoner of state. >> by the state -- by the same token -- it can be said everything marching -- martha washington did, likewise. >> it was a businesslike relationship. not without affection. a deep respect for each other. >> she owned most of the whole block, going back a couple of acres. she owns a huge chunk of what williamsburg was. >> there was a lot of tragedy in martha what washington's life. >> she was raised a rich woman. that is not necessarily what it means today. >> she brought with her to mount vernon 12 house place. that is almost an unimaginable luxuries. >> it takes for 10 days to travel here in her carriage. this is a difficult journey. >> her experience had prepared her to become the first lady. >> martha washington was 57 years old in 1789 when she and george washington left their beloved virginia home in service to the country. this time, the destination was new york city.

. eastern. of an " first ies" -- when george washington was a way fighting the revolutionary war, martha washington ran their plantation and their home, mount vernon. that marthaar arrived at mount vernon in 1859 and there was a lot of management that she had to do. when she married george washington, she brings with her to mount vernon 12 housemates. that is really almost unimaginable luxury. these are slaves that are for the most part, not field labor, not producing crops, which is where your income is coming from. they are doing things like cooking, serving at table, clean the house, doing the laundry, doing selling, this is not productive labor in the sense that it is not productive income. she brings them with her and she brings financial resources to the marriage as well as her managerial skills. it makes mount vernon a successful operation and it makes it possible for washington to be away for eight years fighting a war. the fact that he has this support system that enables him to volunteer his time and talents to run the revolution is clearly critical. manager, who during most li

laura bush. followed by an interview with the former first lady at the george w. bush presidential center in dallas, texas. and later the 70th annual washington press club foundation dinner. featuring members of congress, journalists and other dignitaries. >> i'm here to voice my strong support for the courageous people of afghanistan. women and men who have suffered for years under the taliban regime. each and every one of us has the responsibility to stop the suffering caused by malaria. because every life in every land matters. and all of us can do something to help. >> after studying first ladies and knowing some of them well like my own mother-in-law or one that i admired very much, a fellow texan lady bird johnson, is that we benefit our country benefits by whatever our first ladies' interests are. >> she is the wife of one president and the daughter in law of another. laura welsh bush became first lady after a controversial election brought her husband george w. bush to the white house. laura bush helped comfort the nation pursuing interests including education, literacy and

russia and at the last minute, her older sons, george washington adams and john adams ii are going to stay behind. she can't take her children with her to russia. they're going to stay behind with john and abigail to be raised as americans on american soil. you often get the sense of a woman who is powerless within her marriage to be making fundamental parental decisions, that they were reserved as most decisions were for john quincy. >> but she must have had the innate desire, she worked her heart out to get her husband to the white house. then she gets there and how does she enjoy her tenure? >> not very. not very much. the white house years are very unpleasant years for the adams and was readily apparently to everyone in the family, charles francis adams, their son, talks about it in his own diary of how sad the household seemed at the time. >> what made it that way? >> i think the cloud under which the presidency began, it never lifts. because this campaigning for 1828 begins almost instantly, louisa feels very personally the attacks on her husband, on his character, some attacks

. he took george mcgovern out to to meet with lbj. clinton learned a lot in that campaign. learn how you can lose. from that moment on, bill clinton's concept was how you could be a moderate progressive and still hang onto something in america as it was changing. >> during his term as governor, the clintons increased their national profile, leading to the 1992 presidential campaign. the mentioned earlier that it was a bruising one. of rossg the arrival perot's candidacy in the campaign. it brought bill clinton and hillary clinton to the white house. after they arrive, there was the announcement about health care. we have a couple of clips to show you that help demonstrate the intention of the first lady's involvement in health care. let's watch. [video clip] hillary has agreed to share this task force and she will be sharing some of the heat i expect to demonstrate. in the coming months, the american people will learn that we have a first lady of many talents, but most of all who can bring people together around on flex issues to hammer out consensus and get things done. >> as the pr

important pieces of silver, the portrait of george washington for which she is so famous, but she is writing as everything is being packed to be carted off to virginia for safety. so she is very aware of what she is doing, and she writes a number of letters to her family members. >> i want to weigh in. we know as historians, this is the heart of what we do. these are the primary sources. for a long while, to find dolley's actual letters was really hard to do. but in the 1990's holly shulman at the university of virginia and another person began collecting her papers and published them in a lovely book. but there is now a web master of dolley madison, so these are the papers that are really crucial. we also have writing from her niece. mary writes about her aunt. a lot of those stories, which must have come from dolley herself, which tells us that later in her life, she is getting a sense of her legacy. she cannot intrude upon the public notice as a man would, but she gave her these memoirs, which have now been published for the first time. people can read those. >> we have a video to show yo

necessary. i said, george, you either get the car or i'm going to walk. we went to the hospital. and mike met me at the hospital and said, he has been shot. and there were police all around. and there was a lot of noise. and they put me a little small room. there was one desk and one chair. that was it. i kept wanting to see ronnie. and they kept saying, well, he is all right. but you can't see him. and i kept saying, if he is all right, why can't i see him? finally, they let me see him. he was lying there with that thing on his face to help him breathe. he lifted it up and said, honey, i forgot to duck. >> how did this impact a brand- new presidency? >> i was a part of the press pool that day. it was a time i will never ever forget. it made her much more protective. she was all ready completely focused on him and his safety, but after this, it was her sole purpose, you could argue. at one point she said something like, when he left to go somewhere, i wasn't able to breathe deeply until he came back. >> that was in the movie. >> it was something she said in the documentary to us

her junior year abroad in paris, and finishing up the george washington university. a handful of first ladies at that time had an undergraduate degree. >> sometimes it is forgotten, her influence on historic preservation. now, we take it as a given, if there is a beautiful historic building, there better be a good reason to take that down. but years ago that was not the case, when the term urban or newly is used. if john kennedy in particular and jackie kennedy as first lady had not been the first lady in the 1960s -- the executive office building next to the white house would have been torn down, which white eisenhower was willing to do. he thought that this was an eyesore. part of the white house would be torn down. >> dolley madison -- the white house was lit up -- >> it would have been replaced by federal office buildings of the time -- a penitentiary and a prison yard. this really helped the historic preservation -- >> in the book you quote aldrich >> this was her schoolmate at miss porter's school. >> she wrote that mrs. kennedy designed her mission of first lady along the

she is saving the state documents, the important pieces of silver, the portrait of george washington for which she is so famous. but she is writing literally as everything is being packed to be carted off to virginia to safety. so she is very aware of what she is doing, and she writes a number of letters to her family members. catherine: susan, i want to weigh in, because this questioner knows that, as historians, this is the heart of what we do. these are the primary sources. and for a long while, to find dolley's actual letters and what she wrote, it was really hard to do. but in the 1990s and early 2000s, holly shulman and david mattern at the papers of james madison at the university of virginia began collecting her papers, and they published them in a lovely book called, "the selected letters of dolley madison." but holly shulman is now the web master of the dolley madison digital edition, which anybody can find in their library, and it has every letter to and from dolley. so these are the papers that are really crucial. and we also have this great account from her niece, mary c

campaigns. you see many politicians running as outsiders. george bush thomas the second bush --ush -- george the second george bush ran as an dashder going after their off his experience in texas. >> the carter family, mrs. , the son, the mother-in- law, all involved in making it a family affair. peoplentil this point wouldn't figure out you have to get outside of washington. one of my favorite stories from mrs. carter, she and a friend would go around and spend 75 days in florida, and they would and look for town an antenna because they figured it was a radio station, and they would say, would you like to interview us? a would ring questions they want a low-budgets campaign, but in that year with thatce laws of that kind was the way to do it. a different way of campaigning than we see now -- staying with areas people in the small towns a visited. >> they will do that in iowa and new hampshire, but after that it gets hard to do. aboute a little bit learning the mechanics of political science. they had only a little experience. biography, their systematic approach to learning mechan

writing executive orders. many ast written as george w. bush. he has one signing statements and executive orders, which are didn't -- different animals, and if he writes one that creates the dream act, that is one executive order, but it is a sweeping one. tinyorge bush wrote five ones, and barack obama creates the dream act, i take the five over the one. this entire concept of the numerical thing doesn't add up. that henow, he called had a hand in you have a phone. he called 2014 a year of action. 2012 is a year of action. biden's summary of -- summer recovery, this is going to happen. -- remember when he said there was more than one way to skin a cat. after the election of 2010, he was asked about cap and trade. he couldn't get cap and trade through the democrat congress. it died in the south. this is an important point. the founding fathers were right. law sets the boundaries of which they have to operate. if the agencies operate all by themselves, they do not have any boundaries. they go as far as they want. that is what we have been dealing with. the examples, i'm going to

stop the next boston type attack. >> from george washington university, i will direct the question to matt. eight days after benghazi, you said benghazi was an act of terror. we have had a significant political and bureaucratic debate about talking points and what happened prior to that point, but what goes into the formal determination that something is an act of terror? depending on the political agenda, it could be active thuggery or an act of war or an act of terror. for those who have been inside the system, eight days is not necessarily bad. >> important point after benghazi is -- i was in a hearing that was prescheduled. in the intelligence community, i think i can speak for all of the analysts that were working on this. we proceed of presumption it was a terrorist attack. you had a mortar attack that killed americans and a government facility in benghazi. they were clearly targeting our presence there. it was violence and result in death. there are number of legal definitions, the practical common sense of you that we all proceeded on from the outset was this was a terroris

the time of franklin or james beard, in the 19th century. >> or even martha washington and george. >> yes. >> certainly, she rose to that occasion, but i do not know that she ever thought, well, who would have thought when they got married that there would be a revolution? a change of government. line of a prisoner saying anything else, and i am personat every sympathizes with that. more it has become a accessible prison, if i can use that, and, perhaps, in some ways -- >> much more invaded by the media. much more theatrical. much more scripted. and unscripted. >> you referenced pat nixon and the contribution she made to the white house itself, and that is another role, the partnership with the white house. thank you, jacqueline. id that is a final theme that wanted to return to, which is the first lady or the first family are custodians of the white house. some responsible for an enormous change greeted talk about what she did to the white house. >> it is very simple. she turned it into a home, as opposed to an office building. today is house you see partly jacqueline kennedy's a

pieces of silver, the portrait of george washington, but she is writing has everything is being packed to go off to virginia for safety. she is aware of what she is doing. she writes a number of letters to her family members. >> i want to weigh in. we know as historians, this is the heart of what we do. for a long while, to find the actual letters, it is really hard to do. at the university of virginia, they began collecting her papers and published them in a lovely book. but there is now a web master of because dolley madison -- of dolley madison, so these are the papers that are really crucial. mary writes about her aunt. a lot of those stories, which must have come from dolley herself, later in her life, she is getting a sense of legacy. she cannot intrude upon the public notice as a man would, but she gave her these memoirs, which have now been published for the first time. people can read those. >> we have a video to show you struck the night. the place is important to dolly madison -- dolley madison. let's watch. ♪ >> the portrait of dolley madison hangs in the red room.

burned all of her papers, her letters, her correspondence with her husband george. only two of them remained. we have just the opposite here. thousands and thousands of them. explain the scope of the trove of materials that you have to work with as scholars through the writings of the adams family. >> the adams family gave to the massachusetts historical society a collection. we have never counted them individually, but probably 70,000+ documents over several generations, and probably about 300,000 pages. for abigail and john, which is the most important of the collection, there are about 1,170 letters they exchanged over the years. >> how frequently did they write to one another? >> it depended. when they were together -- for example, we do not have any letters after 1801 because after john leaves the white house, they're together almost all the time. for periods, for example, when there is fairly regular mail delivery between massachussetts and philadelphia, or later washington, d.c., they wrote at least once a week and sometimes twice a week. i almost like to think of it like pho

to protect. ur constituents. in his farewell address, george washington said, we may choose peace or war as our interests guided by justice shall counsel. there is nothing just or in our interest in lobbying -- lobbing a few bombs into a country and walking away. the secretary of state and the president have both stated that we need to go to war because assad broke a treaty that the entire world supports. the u.n., they say, cannot act. mr. speaker, i am asking the same question my constituents are asking, why do we spend billions of dollars supporting an international organization for peace that cannot enforce a treaty supported by the entire world? if the u.n. is so ham strung that it cannot rally the world to stop assad, and we have to unilaterally attack syria, what exactly is the point of having a u.n.? the secretary of state also had the gall to tell both the senate and the house foreign relations committees that bombing syria is not a war in the classic sense. let me tell you something, mr. speaker, if another nation attacked us the way our president wants to attack syria,

them were antiques. madison, is famous for saving the canvas of george washington. she saved two canvases. the other was a portrait of herself. pat nixon brought it back to the white house. i was his butler at camp david. i was at the house with a nixons -- with the nixons all the time at camp david. >> what would you like people to know about the first lady? an oral history with the library. --we sent stockings that that she missed placed had sent them to the library at the time. i was there during the panda years. >> what would you like the audience to know about mrs. nixon? >> i often talk to her at breakfast. so kind and so treated me with such respect. i loved the whole family. >> what was their final years as the pressure increased, were you working for them at that point and what did you see? >> i worked until 73. i left a few months before he did. -- i was not there at the end. >> do you remember how they felt during the christmas bombings? >> i believe that was the year they say -- stayed at camp. they were going to go to california. instead they stay there at the camp.

george washington was the wealthiest of all of the residents if you can calculate everything was based in the plantations and slavery. but herbert hoover, i think, had about $4 million that he had 1914 which in today's $75 ars is anywhere from million to $90 million. than have been wealthier his successor, fdr, who inherited his wealth. herbert hoover made it from scratch. he was one of the wealthiest but wealthiest. >> next from your town, charlotte, west virginia. on the air. >> caller: thank you for taking my call. i always wondered why the was in -- >> dan, i'm so sorry. i pushed the button at the wrong time. that's my fault. charles, santa fe, new mexico. in, we'll get back take your questions. my apologies. harles, your question from santa fe. >> thank you for taking my call. i'm enjoying this series. i'm a native of iowa. my only real experience with the a television series called back stairs to the white house. and in that series, they did not really portray the hoovers very well in terms of how they servants.he >> charles, i'm going to stop you. we had that question early in t

couple in the presidency were martha and george. >> another call. delighted to have people watching in venezuela. lindsay is in pennsylvania. what is your question. ? have a question either, but i thought it might be fun for your viewers to know i am a relative. my made in middle name was burchard -- my made in middle my maiden name was burchard. theund out he had quite sense of humor and ended up riding a bicycle through the white house. i thought your viewers might get a kick out of knowing that. >> thank you so much. did he have a sense of humor? >> he did. it was a bit understated. he cut up apples at the dinner table and tossed the people at -- the pieces at the people at the table. he could also tell a joke. lucy hayes gave birth to eight children, five of whom went to adulthood. >> we have more than 100 hayes descendents in our databases. we have four members of the family on our board of directors. we had a reunion a couple of years ago. a couple of the descendents came. entertaining at the white house, it was a dry white house but they used it a lot to entertain. talk about th

to the george w bush administration, what does it look like? , president obama's nominees have seen a wait time of around 140 days. under george w. bush, those same nominees saw a wait time about a quarter of that amount. for district nominees, they have waited around 100 days. three times the weight time of george w. bush's nominees. you have seen significantly longer wait time from court approval. the difference was the senate democrats had it different strategy mixing the process up. they would try to hurt the nominee's chances before they even got to committee. when harry reid went on to the floor in the midst of this nuclear debate, they talked about how half of the cloture motions have come under president obama's term. which is a startling statistic. i think only for cloture motions were ever invoked the past 13 years. >> these nominees were on the floor and they had to bring this to a vote? >> right. they nominated what they thought would be the best candidate possible. >> those people passed the committee. >> they are approved in that process within they have to wait to get

. in 1975 it was president gerald ford. in 1982 it was ronald reagan. and in 2006 it was george bush. it was the current house majority held in different form but when republicans were in charge of the chamber who allowed the re-authorization to move forward through the judiciary committee on a bipartisan basis. this may seem strange in the current poisonous environment of washington that we exist in right now, but there was significant cooperation, tremendous leadership shown by then chairperson and the ranking memberle it john conyers. it passed in the house of representatives 390-33. it's also interesting to note historically that prior to this year if he ever time section 5 and the voting rights act has been used to address alleged concerns with redistricting, which traditionally take place two years after the completion of the census, when it was used by the justice department to block or modify redistricting reforms or changes, prior to the obama administration, every other occasion since the passage of the voth rights act in 1965, it was a republican justice department charged

are important. it is not just one guy at the top. >> george washington university. you make a strong case for looking at public diplomacy in the field and for the most part look at the state department's role in the field. you have also served in large type for embassies where there are a variety of departments and

with her husband george. only two of them remained. we have just the opposite here. thousands and thousands of them. explain the scope of the trove of materials that you have to work with as scholars through the writings of the adams family. >> the adams family gave to the massachusetts historical society a collection. we have never counted them individually, but probably 70,000+ documents over several generations, and probably about 300,000 pages. for abigail and john, which is the most important of the collection, there are about 1,170 letters they exchanged over the years. >> how frequently did they write to one another? >> it depended. when they were together -- for example, we do not have any letters after 1801 because after john leaves the white house, they're together almost all the time. for periods, for example, when there is fairly regular mail delivery between massachussetts and philadelphia, or later washington, d.c., they wrote at least once a week and sometimes twice a week. i almost like to think of it like phone calls. >> this program is an interactive one, which m

. she brought her in and she also used the name of george washington and how this would be, you know, a fitting memorial and so forth. >> he had built the house. she was just making it work. >> right. >> and hadn't washington also envisioned that it could have been added on? >> he did. in years to come. >> so, she won the senate but in the house she ran into a formidable foe which was the speaker reid. >> speaker tom reed from maine. he was a great adversary of benjamin harrison. hey fought a lot over bills. and someone from california was mrs. harrison's great ally. and he spent the night sleeping in the cloakroom, hoping the appropriation would go through. but speaker reed, he was a very razor-tongued kind of sharp guy, and he cooked up this story that harrison had appointed a postmaster in maine without his approval and he crashed the whole thing. he wouldn't let it come up. >> so, lacking her ability to expand the white house, she turned to restoring what she already had. >> she redecorated. thinking and hoping it was a minor thing to do. and she became interested in the historic

portrait of george washington for which she is so famous, but she is writing as everything is being packed to be carted off to virginia for safety. so she is very aware of what she is doing, and she writes a number of letters to her family members. >> i want to weigh in. we know as historians, this is the heart of what we do. these are the primary sources. for a long while, to find dolley's actual letters was really hard to do. but in the 1990's, holly shulman at the university of virginia and another person began collecting her papers and published them in a lovely book. but there is now a web master of dolley madison digital addition, so these are the papers that are really crucial. we also have writing from her niece. mary writes about her aunt. a lot of those stories, which must have come from dolley herself, which tells us that later in her life, she is getting a sense of her legacy. she cannot intrude upon the public notice as a man would, but she gave her these memoirs, which have now been published for the first time. people can read those. >> we have a video to show you thr

. speakers include iowa senator tom harkin and representative george miller from california. they are sponsoring legislation to raise the minimum wage. this is a little more than one hour. >> there are decades worth of letters on minimum wage. it's where the best economists to getth as an outlet their ideas out and as a way to of thesetheir support issues. the fact that you see such a broad-based a list of economists a lot of what we will go through in terms of raising the minimum wage is really mainstream and increasingly the view of the economic profession. >> epri said we were upstream. we say now what the mainstream will say later. >> fair enough. intellectually, none of them have a vote. none of them can make anything happen. fortunately, we have senator harkin and congressman miller who have championed this issue for just as long or longer than anyone else has and are really going to be the reason that it's going to happen. putting to start out by the store cold context on the but im wage and showing think is the single most striking fact about the minimum wage right now which i