or in africa but around the world. and in the end what he did in south africa is an example that we all need to follow. >> gay mcdougall, what was theeo on to be the great leader that he was? qus. >> he was quite a remarkableind. i don't think there's anything, he has a down home folksiness to him as well. but i think the mixture of knowing how to handle and to deal with power, that seems very much as a member of a collective. of decision makers. as a member of a liberation movement of a political party, of south africans as a whole. i would never forget the, really, transcendent moment, that i was prinched t privilegee with him. put my name forward to be on the commission. but it was a remarkable moment. for him and for his nation. and you know all of the suffering and struggle that had occurred before that moment was now telescoped through him and into the future, as he dropped miss ballot into that -- his ballot into that box. so he has been a manifestation of all of the hopes and dreams and aspirations of his count

he was one of the first black practitioners in south africa. and he had a great legal challenge in taking over the presidency. first of all, laws had to be changed in order to even allow that kind of vote to occur and then there was a lot to consider by way of changing south african law when he became president. he went above that, it seems, in a careful and prudent way and was very mindful, it seems, of trying to keep the white minority actively included in participants of that government. >> you know, it's very interesting when you think about that. i think about his legal career not so much when he was president of south africa but when he was sentenced to 27 years in prison and he was then talking about the fact that he as a lawyer was being judged by a white judge, a white bailiff, everybody is white and of course him the defendant. he gave, i think, a magnificent speech about he's willing to die, if necessary, to promote these issues and as a president i think he did a good job of first bringing everybody together. black south africans fe

in. >> in south africa democracy has survived. i think they have a chance to gain a better case in south africa that's the points i'm trying to make. >> what if nelson mandela had served more than one term? >> i don't know in receipt strow spectd what hstrow -- retrospece would have felt. his impact is still going to be profound. they're sorry he's gone but they celebrate vividly and enthusiastically the great contribution that he made in their lives. and i think that spirit of nelson mandela is embedded deeply in the heart and soul and consciousness of the south south africans and that's why i hope this country is going to realize the hopes that nelson mandela had with it. >> stay tuned. i continue with my conversation the anger all one sided? i hear rumblings from the people who cover the heat that the heat are not in love with players in the payer side, there is real hate here. >> there better be. they can really mess it up for them. when they dislike there, yeah, i think there is dislike but they've got the bravado. they got t

foreign investment is pulled from south africa. and mass rallies are held throughout the world on mandela's behalf. >> the fact of the matter is that apartheid is wrong. >> the free mandela campaign became the widest public campaign in the world. >> free mandela! >> free mandela! >> say free mandela! >> free mandela! >> reporter: all the while, within south africa's borders, the armed struggle continues. during all this, the government transfers mandela from robben island to a prison on the mainland in march 1982. mandela, isolated from his comrade, sees an opportunity. >> he puts out feelers to say, i've entertained some visitors from the government and talk about how we have a mutual government or how we end apartheid or how we have democratic elections. >> reporter: the negotiations begin in secret. the government does not want it publicly known that they are speaking with the enemy. mandela by not consulting with the anc leadership knows they can disavow them if the negotiations go poorly. it is a risk he must take. >> the reas

we need a new south africa, a democratic south africa where everyone can be free and participate in a democracy. >> indeed, wolf. and we just remember, when you have almost three decades to sit at night in a cell, to think, to envision what you want for yourself, your family and your country, you become very refined in your objective. he once said that hatred clouds and fogs the mind. he did away with hatred. he wanted to be inclusive. so when he got out, he was forgiving. he did not forget, never forget. but he was forgiving. >> bernie, you're going to stay with us for the hour as well, right? >> i'm your guest. i'm your friend. i'm here for the duration. >> good to have bernard shaw here in our studios at cnn. thank you. don't go away. president obama paid a very moving tribute to nelson mandela from the white house. we're going to hear what the president of the united states had to say. and i'll talk live to the daughter of dr. martin luther king jr. sharing her memories of nelson mandela. but first, the words of mandela himself on the day of his release after 27 years in prison. >

south africa planning ten days of mourning. mandela's body will lie in state with leaders from all over the

caused a civil war in south africa. president nelson mandela's gift to the world was his ability to forgive. he pointed us to the best part of our human spirit. when president mandela appeared in oakland he praised california for the progressive role in leadership it had given to his progressive efforts. nelson mandela, a man of courage that we all revere, who thought many miles away though, was such an enormous figure in our lives that we will not forget him. we will remember that he taught us and loved us. he is the stuff that legends are made from. may we embrace the spirit of forgiveness and bring peace to this world we live in. thank you for the opportunity to be here today. [applause] >> some of you, you may recall the first opportunity black south africans had to vote, they voted nelson mandela in as the first black president of south africa. all over the world wherever there were south africans of any color, they were urged to cast a vote. this city hall was the voting booth for the first election in south afric

this is about south africa not about zunu or others. this is about south africa. and it amazes me that today there are people who actually go to south africa for vacation. that is the purest act and the gift of nelson mandela. >> schieffer: what do you suppose it was about him? he had this center unlike any one that i think we've ever known about. as i was thinking about this, it was not one particular act that nelson mandela did that made him a hero. it was his whole life. where did that come from, do you think? >> well, i'm trying on a christian, and working at it, anyway, i'm always amazing people walk up to me, i'm a christian, i think, already? i'm trying to be a christian. this is for people who are jews and people who are religious jews and people who are muslims and buddhists and so forth. i think it is knowing that there is something greater than you. that greatness might be called alla or god or whatever you call it. but there is something greater than you. and that is a good thing to do. you can stand on the good foot. you can say the kind thing. you ca

world cup to south africa. then would he won it. it couldn't have been a better story. his soccer legacy though came years later when south africa was awarded the honor of saging the 2010 world cup finals. the ailing former leader was there at the end of it all. it he didn't attend the early part. let's bring in cnn sports. i was honored. i got to go there, cover it. it was awesome. it was such a thrill for a football fan. talk about mandela's role in getting the world cup to south africa and what it meant. >> for nelson mandela, sport was everything and allowed for harmony he brought across everybody. it allowed for hope to be generated through sport where there might not have been hope ever before and he was very instrumental in being there in 2004 when fifa awarded south africa the ability to host the world cup and then you're looking at him here in 2010 and that was a major moment. the crowd gave him a standing ovation and everybody in the stadium could actually -- it was described as kind of spine tingling

i'd also say his influence on the rest of africa, his coming out in south africa becoming democratic set off the democratic revolution across much of the continent. and today most african governments are elected, whereas at that time, most were not. >> i guess the last question for you is if we look toward his legacy. there are so many things we can talk about with nelson mandela, all the questions are over multiracial democracy. why has it proffered so much harder and far less equal than many had expected? >> well, this is 21 of his most singular contributions. he really believed in non-racial democracy. >> that came clear. it wasn't the slogan. this was something he believed in and the anc statement that south africa belongs to all its people was extraordinary because other movements like the penn-african congress did not believe that. and he set that forward bus of that extraordinarily pragmatic character he had. he managed to combine a revolutionary leadership with a pragmatic view of what works best for people. and that i think is an example. we don't see enough of the practicin

that set the path for africa that had never been there before. a man of the ages. >> finally, as we watch this period of mourning, what should we know about modern south africa, such a young country but they had such a relationship with him, often calling him father and saying about old age it's time for him to rest. >> people don't realize it's a very young country and the majority of people never experienced nelson mandela as a leader. the legacy of bringing him together, bridging black-and-white and bringing old and new is together that should live on for them. it's a very hopeful time for them and should be and it is the rainbow nation, as he called it. >> rick stengel, the biographer of nelson mandela, glad to have you here as we remember this towering life. >> thank you. >>> we'll take a break and have much more on the passing of nelson mandela and tom brokaw covered nelson mandela's long fight for freedom will be with us with his thoughts and later some dangerous move including a dangerous weather system moving across our country as the ne

god bless africa. thank you. nelson mandela dead at 95. >> let's get to the white house, mike viqueira is the white house correspondent and he has reaction from president obama to the death of nelson mandela. mike? >> about 50 minutes ago president obama came into the james brady briefing room. no secret to the fact that nelson mandela was an inspiration to the president. he told how he was not involved or interested in politics. at a student in the late "70s, early '80s, he was involved and inspired in the antiapartheid and divestiture movement. he met one time in 2006. he had visited in 2005. he had visited south africa and robin island in 2006. and the president was just in south africa over the summer, in june with his family, didn't have an opportunity to meet with nelson mandela because of health reasons. the president said he cannot fully imagine my life - his life - without the example nelson mandela set. for long as i live i will do what i can to learn from him. let's listen to more of what the president

he knew white south africa, black south africa, poor south africa, wealthy south africa. one of his supporters said at the time when they were looking for a leader for this mass movement, in walks this six foot two inch massive demand. they said, yup, he is the one. mandela said at one of his first meetings, he stood in the room with the elders and said, i will be the first black president of south africa. he said that in the 1950s. >> and in south africa in recent line, what it was like to up in 1994, that first election. they still had tears in their eyes, still very vivid to them. legacy ofd that the nelson mandela would not be enough, that there was still a lot of work to be done in south africa. the country has problems. it is one of the leading places of rape in the country, aids is rampant. unemployment between the ages of 20 and 50 is more than 50%. but nelson mandela set the stage for the future. of them,t out the best this kind and gentle man. he always made the point, people ask, is he still angry, he said i am still angry but i made a choice. i decided to make

south africa today, of course, has its problems. you are alluding to those poverty shortages, anc corruption scandals. but the lose of nelson mandela will be a huge void, won't it, which is bringing people together right now as they remember his achievements. i just give you an example of a void he crossed. it was the 1999 world cup, the final match between south africa and new zealand when nelson mandela took to the field in the rugby jersey. i was there at the first match when south africa played australia. there was a stadium full of 65,000 white bull necked afrikaanas, frankly. no black face, very few indian. rugby was a white man's sport. i was sitting with nelson mandela. he went on to the ground to toss the coin. almost immediately there was a chant, "nelson mandela, nelson mandela" and i realised who was going on. i realised it was a huge outpouring of affection and genuine respect of this man, who they had previously totally vilified. i realised then, this was a spine-tingling moment what the measure of this man's achieveme

i sppbt most of my childhood in africa, mostly in the 1980s, a time when south africa was a country that we con even visit as a result of the composition of my family. and so today as a correspondent in south africa, living froly in a nonracial country where anyone can marry anyone they want, where anyone can live anywhere they want, it's an extraordinary feeling for me. particularly since i, myself, am in a multiracial relationship. so it's a real transformation for south africa. and i think it's a real inspiration to the world. >> woodruff: lydia polgreen, with "the new york times", thank you very much. >> thank you. >> woodruff: we'll talk with south africans about the mandela legacy, a little later in the program. unemployment in the u.s. dipped to 7% in november-- the lowest rate since 2008. and, employers added 203,000 jobs. but the number of people actively looking for work remained near a 35-year low. paul solman explores the data and the debate over long-term jobless benefits right after this news summary. the jobs numbers touched off a rally on wall street. the dow jones indust

it's 4:00 in the morning here in south africa. and we have a crowd of hundreds of people who haven't gone to sleep, hundreds of people who on the whole, fairly young. these are people who are part of the so-called born free generation. those who have no memory of apartheid, who were born after the birth of democracy in south africa, and they have come here not to mourn, i have not seen a single person here crying. they're all here to celebrate. and they're doing that by singing songs from the anti-apartheid struggle, sinking the south african national anthem which includes all 12 languages of south africa. sort of the rainbow of multi-cultural south africa. and they are going to keep going. this is a party. the mood, the expectation was one of mourning, but actually, what people are celebrating here is not only the life of nelson mandela, but what he gave to all south africans through his fight against apartheid through his 27 years in prison. much of it's been in solitary confinement, even the youngest ones are well aware of the

>> oh, yes. 1994 was the peak of the good time in south africa. then now with the other politics and other parties fighting, it's quite tense right now. >> it's not like it was before where everybody's -- you know, it's black and white. literally. we're unified on this. they're unified on that. >> these days, the party that freed the country from white rule, the anc, is not universally loved anymore. in recent years, they've been criticized for inaction, corruption and cronyism. and opposition parties are gaining strength. >> i think that's maybe new to us, i think we're trying to navigate reality. how do you deal with so many opinions? the party that you loved the whole time, that brought about this freedom, is fumbling the ball. so what do you do? because in democracy, you should act. >> smileys. >> oh. >> smileys. fire roasted sheep's head. lips shrivelled back in a joker like rictus of deliciousness. chopped into tasty, tasty bits and eaten with cold beer? yes, of course, yes. just needs a little salt and pepper. >> good stuff. that looks good

but he put south africa on the world map. people know south africa today even if they have never been here but because of him. and it's because of him we are what we are >> that's tremendous. listen. enjoy the day. >> all right. will do, ma'am. hope you enjoy yours too. >> absolutely shocking weather here today. this doesn't happen this time of the year. somehow it's happening today but it's not putting off these people. >> winnie mandela just arriving at the stadium. just being escorted through there. >> this is our sister station sky news reporting there on the ground. we also have greg palkot our senior foreign correspondence there on the ground as well. i'd like to talk to you about the crowds. i believe this is winnie being escorted through. that's what sky news was repo reporting. >> reporter: i'm sorry? >> it looks like his wife is being escorted through to her seat. >> reporter: that's what i understand. that's what i understand. the ex-wife of nelson mandela, winnie mandela arriving at the stadium. >> his second wife

the question is what now for south africa? do you think anything will change there now that he has passed? >> i think south africa is going to have to land and do so very quickly to get and cultivate people who would play the role that mr. mandela played. we still need those people. the country is not in the greatest of shape right now. the economy is not working as well as it should. a fair amount of poverty in the country. there are huge number of people who exist and all of those can be corrected and i'm sure we have it within ourselves to correct those problems. but the folks who are going to have to lead us into that phase of the struggle are going to be people who are going to have to be as remarkable as mr. mandela. obviously, focusing on the challenges that the country is facing now. apart from south africa, our region is facing very specific challenges and i'm actually convinced we can stand up to those challenges and meet them, but that is going to require very special men and women to lead south africa and the count

by 1977, polaroid finally withdrew from south africa. caroline hunter, welcome to democracy now! >> good morning. >> your thoughts, first about that movement back then, the action of polaroid to your questions and your concerns and especially now in this week after the death of nelson mandela? >> polaroid pretended they did not know what was going on in south africa. 1937olaroid was founded in . in 1938, they opened their first is to readership in south africa. reflecting on the death of mandela, i think we have lost one of the greatest human beings who has ever lived. we must learn from his example that one person can truly make a difference in the life of not only his people, but the lives in the world. >> caroline hunter, you proved a person to make a difference. describe the moment when you started to make the connection. this is the early 1970s. your it done woman chemist working at polaroid in cambridge, massachusetts. when you realize the connection between apartheid south africa and your work? >> it is interesting i'm in new orle

margaret thatcher also opposed sanctions in south africa, that you could lose southern africa and go to mozambique, and they would all lose parts of the nation. and all we knew about mandela before he went into prison was that he had joined the communists at one point, that he had been the leader in the violent struggle against the apartheid regime. and the real genius, political genius of mandela was that he came out of prison and saw that the policies he had espoused before he went into prison were no longer effective. >> everyone agreed that apartheid was odious. the agreement was how best to pursue the breakdown. after the sanctions debate, president reagan picked an ambassador, edward perkins to south africa, who was a black american, who argued for the release of mandela. and, in fact, he may have had significant influence in releasing him. >> but let's be clear, reagan vetoed -- supported veto on bills, reagan denounced mandela, called him names. he evolved after a protest movement here turned the tone and public opinion. but let's not act like reagan was a major supporter of

in johannesburg, south africa. tonight the passing of nelson mandela and the meaning of his remarkable life through grit and grace and the kind of generosity of soul that few people possess he led black and indian south after cans out of a second-class or in many case as barely human existence. he helped dismantel a police state birthing a new south africa all could be proud of. he inspired people all over the world to see things differently, look to their better angels. to prize justice over injustice, compassion over cruelty in the sometimes unforegiving world to champion forgiveness. this evening at a hanukkah celebration president obama paid tribute. >> tonight our thoughts and prayers are with the mandela family in south africa. they're grieving the loss of a man, a moral giant who embodied the dignity and courage and hope and sought to bring about justice not only in south africa but i think to inspire millions around the world and he did that. the idea that every single human being ought to be free and that

he wanted to be released into a free south africa. throughout the 80's members of the south african government were looking to dismount the tiger of minority rule in which they found themselves. but it is a very danger process. >> was there a growing realization as the talks began that it was going to take a lot more. that nelson mandela's price at the end of the process was going to be higher than a lot of members of government were ready to pay? >> no, i don't think so. i think when f.w. de clerc announced th the road of negotiation on february 2, 1990, that this would end in majority rule. but it hoped that it would be majority rule with a strong constitution that would protect the rights of all south africans. >> let me go next to glenda, give people a sense of what was going on in black communities in the early 1980's. was there starting to be some hopelessness that the world was watching what was happening in south africa, that there was going to be a bitter end to this story? >> thank you, ray, yes, of course, there was widespr

we'll post our apartheid south africa. i have been nice will the hokkaido in addition to the whitley the push to get it the old people are a team in the political activity in south africa that was to be the key was on the whole crew monday and i went into hiding. and at the euro happen all the options you can try at the armstrong. we know what happened after that call. the try of the group in ireland and the leaders of the season the apartment and into the ocean the young man who was working patient who was angry was when the two week as the model used this week on the porch looking at he underwent an hour or so the duration. even when the warden the presumption to commission appointed by the week. archbishop who wrote about yesterday. due to the pan and the beach. our nation in africa. god will not go on fumes. just to live with them. before we go and we are in the back door to two. look at some of the other issues of course that around this two on the table this important summit is taking place in paris with the sale of

where is south africa today? what will it be without him there as this kind of life force for the new nation? >> i think that little deprivation in south africa will enormously high at the time of its transition. i think that they shall divide to a great and deep. i think that the inequality, such as to today and the inequality is racially coded and color coded. and yet, the only reason why south africa is able, with great stability and a great belief in democracy and human rights, we are able to navigate this difficult waters of material deprivation, is because nelson man della has been able to teach us patience, to teach us to give the other the benefit of the doubt. and he has been able to reconcile us in a way that has given us the space to overcome those problems systemically as we go forward. and so i want to really say that that legacy of nelson mandela, the patience and the perseverance and not to descend into anarchy and into instability, i think, persists to this day. >> ebrahim rasool, thank you so muc

the chinese have invested so much in africa. >> all across south africa. >> they have taken over if not taken over u.s. influence in the investment here. >> from a foreign policy perspective this country and much of africa has been turning east and they are very acutely aware for themselves that the financial and diplomatic clout that they look to in the future comes from china. >> one person not here is the dalai lama. government here said they didn't have time to process his visa basically. the real reason is they didn't want to insult china. >> that has happened before because the dalai lama was also defected from going to his 80th celebration a few years ago. the authorities have used this excuse essentially of visa processing to avoid a rather sticky diplomatic question. >> there is archbishop tutu. >> kofi annan. >> a monitor here that is difficult to see. >> they are from the same neighborhood as nelson mandela and extraordinary leader in the anti-apartheid movement. >> absolutely. i think they became the voices of the struggle while he was away. remember also desmond tutu is sti

margaret thatcher also opposed sanctions in south africa, that you could lose southern africa and go to mozambique, and they would all lose parts of the nation. and all we knew about mandela before he went into prison was that he had joined the communists at one point, that he had been the leader in the violent struggle against the apartheid regime. and the real genius, political genius of mandela was that he came out of prison and saw that the policies he had espoused before he sbiwent into prison w no longer effective. >> everyone agreed that apartheid was odious. the agreement was how best to pursue the breakdown. after the sanctions debate, president reagan picked an ambassador, edward perkins to south africa, who was a black american, who arg uld fued for release of mandela. and, in fact, he may have had significant influence in releasing him. >> but let's be clear, reagan vetoed -- supported veto on bills, reagan denounced mandela, called him names. he evolved after a protest movement here turned the tone and public opinion. but let's not act like reagan was a major supporter o

as he is here in south africa. but, you know, this is a global icon. there is perhaps no one like him anywhere else in the world. the most revered man in the world, perhaps. a figure who as you say, al, already mourned not only here in south africa but right across africa and right across the world. >> ambassador young, you worked a lot in africa and still do. give us a sense of what his impact to the entire continent was. all right. i think i've lost mr. young -- ambassador young. rohit, let me ask you. in terms of the president -- >> reporter: but the presenter was asking -- >> rohit, are you with me? yes, rohit. the president of the united states said that the first political engagement he ever had in life was involved in anti-apartheid demonstrations as a college student. that's the kind of impact he's had globally. and it is that generation that is now many of us in our 50s and older. but you're telling me there are people half our age and younger that are out there that are celebrating his life tonight. >> re

much of africa. a lot of that struggle was violent including when nelson mandela was ahead of congress and taking place in the cold war. the reagan administration considered them marxist and terrorists and they were insilt rated with communism. they didn't have universal support. that struggle to get south africa booted out of the olympics when tommy smith and john k john carlos. they were also protesting south africa and rhodesia being in the olympics. this deeply touched africans in the olympics. every american with a basic sense of decency. >> we are covering the passing of nelson mandela who passed away late this afternoon at the age of 95. just moments ago, president obama spoke about the impact that mandela had on the president's life. >> i cannot fully imagine my own life without the example that nelson mandela set. so long as i live, i will do what i can to learn from him. >> joan walsh, you get the feeling watching the president right there how profoundly affected he was by this man's life.

few in south africa ever saw. that changed in february 1990 when he walked out of prison and returned to his sow wetto a free man. >> i have spoken about freedom in my lifetime. your struggle. your commitment and discipline. it had relieved me to stand before you today. >> nelson mandela left the negotiations to the government that kept him in prison for so long, finding in national party leader fw dekirk a man he could do business. it was a process threatened by violence. the smile disappeared as the anc leader publicly berated those he held responsible. but for nelson mandela, the process was not personal. >> we are not deal with a man, an individual. we are dealing with a government, a system, a party. >> as the country was pushed towards a democracy, nelson mandela and dekish were awarded the "the new york observer." >> south africans in 1974 went to the polls. among them an incann dessant nelson mandela, voting for the first time. he became the president of a country in which he had been an outlaw. one in whi

he is almost like a saint. >> pelley: for south africa, he was "madiba," the father of a nation. >> africa! amandla! ( cheers ) ( national anthem plays ) captioning sponsored by cbs >> pelley: good evening. sunday in south africa will be a national day of prayer in honor of nelson mandela, a day to reflect on all that he did for his country and on the inspiration he was for freedom- loving people all over the world. ever since he died thursday evening at the age of 95, mourners both black and white have been gathering at his former home in soweto, celebrating the father of the new south africa who fought for the liberation of the black majority and then led a peaceful transition to a multiracial democracy as south africa's first black president. nelson mandela is one of the towering figures of the 20th century, whose story will be told for centuries to come. it is a story that we will tell over the next hour, beginning with martha teichner, who reported from south africa during some of mandela's many years in prison and covered the day few thought would ever come. ( laughing ) >> we, all o

what's happening in africa is happening in africa. there aren't these causes like international communism that tie the whole world together. apartheid was like that. the anti-apartheid movement was like that and mandela was like that. just before he was released, programs one of the contributing causes, there was a huge 70th birthday party for nelson mande mandela. it was held, i think, in london. every rock star in the world, politicians. it was this great global event. so mandela represents the last of the great global causes. i would be be surprised if, what you see is a very odd collection of people. what mandela was able to do and this was, you were talking about his political brilliance. he brought together all kinds of, it was a strange motley collection. when he became president of south africa. everyone wondered, is he going to be pro western? the african national congress, his organization, had been supported by revolutionaries, by gadhafi, by castro, he steers his country in the direction of pro western, pro markets, pro de

he believed in the idea that separate and equal did not work in south africa. it would not work anywhere else. we had to be equal and not separate in order for us to work. and i think when we look back he made a big difference, and he will continue to make a difference when we realize what he did as a lawyer, as a politician, as a father, a grandfather, and really as a father of a nation. >> chris bishop, nelson mandela told one of his biographers that he doesn't think he's ever fully told the story about just how close south africa came to chaos and civil war on multiple fronts in that transition from apartheid all the way through to a democratically elected president. there was an assassination of another black leader at that time where things were getting very tense and close to coming apart. can you imagine any one else being that first democratically elected president of south africa and holding the country together? >> you have to understand where this country came from, just before the elections there was an uprising in the northwest of the country, in b

that is his vision for south africa and africa, and his legacy lives on to carry on. in his lifetime, madiba mingled with kings, queens and presidents, and prime ministes s and others, and because of his being was a man, a simple man that no matter what animosity wass obtained in life, and wher he belonged, a sign of africa, and a descendant of great king, you will always be remembered, and what is so glorious in that as mandela would have wished it among the thrones herein this morning and the powerful and the weak, the rich and the poor, the mighty and the ordinary, all here showing a unified peoples to mourn this special sign of the african soil. i am sure madiba is smiling from above as he looks down on the faces here for this is what he stood for. the equality of man. a partner of o brotherhood, of humanity and unity of peoples until his last days. that we were blessed to be associated with this amazing icon, and to have the role of continuing his legacy is the most precious right we shall be bestowed upon us all. as we lift our eyes to the dawn of the new era, w

had not been able to leave south africa -- lead south africa, south africa would not be where it is today. yes he did. they paid a big price for that. >> thank you so much, congresswoman waters from washington this morning. we leave for our agenda this morning on nelson mandela. let's take this forward. years, 1940. the view forward for south africa will be far more challenging. >> it is an amazing story. at 72.n -- it happened that is what his achievements happened them in the last 20 years of his life. it is a lesson for all of us. he decided there is a lot of accomplishments (. >> he served one term and left the political stage when he was on top. >> nelson mandela and the pope have to mend his humility. they are very powerful man. >> a gandhi biographer in india wrote eight tweak critical of this. he said mandela should have served two terms where others should only serve one term. didn't sub the public good? -- youink nelson mandela have to be authentic to who you are. nelson mandela, out of -- after hisot out of prison, authenticity was what his power was. >> it was the same debate

africa. >> that is where his legacy can be a little more controversial and south africaens feel he sold the country to foreign investors to bring them out of the post apartheid era. >> you are here to celebrate. >> the death of nelson mandela. >> we were talking about the economy in south africa, it has not gone as far as people would have liked but you still think that mandela, that is okay, we are on tv so don't call your friends just yet. you go celebrate and we will talk in a little bit. >> thank all the people of the world by coming to our country and we are so grateful for that even if they have come today to celebrate this day with us, we are so grateful, and mr. mandela our father was in prison for 27 years. we are so grateful for the world and we are celebrating but the mediva rest in peace. >> thank you, sir, this is has been happening all day by the way, this is what the spirit of the event is. you were saying this is a dichotomy saying he fought for freedom and we needed democracy

about what doug has talked about, about the book, about south africa. please. >> hi. >> hi. >> i'll go first. it's been said that the reason for the transition of power, the reason that was peaceful is because it didn't bring about any real economic reform that absent like real land redistribution, the inequalities were due to continue and, with the poverty and the violation. can could you comment on that? >> sure. thanks for the question. the big accommodation that was made by the anc in the negotiations that led to the first election as you probably know was to keep the terms private property rights and the basic struts of the economy protected. that was the trade-off. the crude way of putting it is the vote and the right to have an effect in politics in exchange for no radical change in the economic structure, no radical redistribution of wealth. so 80% of land, 80% of wealth was held by whites, a minority of about 9%. and that entwining of race and class absolutely constrains the ability for a people to feel that political liberation was followed by

everyone here in south africa will be saying good-bye. >> not only in south africa, but all over the world, people will be saying good-bye to nelson mandela for what he did for the people of south africa, what he did for all of africa, indeed, what he did around the world. christiane amanpour is with us. i understand you have a special guest to discuss this special day. >> i do, indeed. the remainformer south african president, f.w. de clerk. mr. president, thank you for joining me. >> hello, christiane. it's a sad day, sad moment, but it's good to hear your voice again. >> well, thank you, sir. please tell me and tell the world what you feel at this moment beyond the sadness and what you can say about the man who became your partner and you became his under extremely difficult circumstances to transform your country. >> first i would like to say that i fully associate myself with the dignified and feeling statement which president jacob zuma has made. every word of what he said is true and he touched my heart. nelson mandela's biggest legacy was his commitment to reconciliation, was

we consider nelson mandela the founding father of south africa's democratic nation. he created a south africa founded on a sound civil human rights principles for all. he was confident in his call for one person, one vote for all people everywhere regardless of race, creed, color, sexual orientation. he felt that one vote was the most powerful thing they could do to turn the power over to all the people in south africa. he was a leader to many people still fighting the causes today. i heard president baa ma obama -- if you stayed up and listened-i heard him say if his speech that he gave president nelson mandela credit because at a young age he got caught in the movement in south africa and it molded him, and he gave him credit that he's where he is today because of the inspiration that he received from president mandela. the chairwoman of the naacp said the honorable nelson mandela inspires hopes, dreams and aspirations and values of all who seek justice against tremendous odds. first lady michelle obama said we will never forget the inspiration from nelson mandela,

. >> it is morning now in south africa. crowds have gathered outside the former president's home in johannesburg, he died peacefully on thursday, he was 95. >> mandela is known for freeing south africa and delivering it into the hands of democracy. president jacob zuma broke the news of his death. >> our thoughts are with the millions of people across the world who embraced mandela as their own and who saw his cause as their cause. this is the moment of our deepest sorrow. >> well, millions of people around the world are joining south africans in mourning the death of nelson mandela. let go live now to johannesburg. robyn curnow who has covered nelson mandela's career extensively. i guess the fact that he hasn't been president for 14 years him he has so many people out in the stheet streets. he remains in their hearts on this day. >> reporter: absolutely. you know, nelson mandela's life mirrored south africa's struggle for political freedom and i think that's why people feel so personally checked to him as well a deeply gra

mandela brought about in south africa. my visit with him in '96, i had the privilege of spending nearly an hour with him in his office in south africa. the thing that struck me the most about mr. mandela, when you are in the presence of someone viewed by his countrymen as george washington, abraham lincoln and martin luther king it's intimidating. the thing that struck me is how open and engaging and humorous he was. we had a great time talking and laughing. i said to myself, an icon should not be this happy and laughing. you know, i expected a stone figure and i found a very -- >> doctor, can you reflect on how nelson mandela impacted those that you managed during your tenure at universities like howard? >> caller: sure. i was president of howard for 13 years. during that time, prior to my becoming president, mr. mandela received an honorary degree from howard. it was the first honorary degree he received from an american university. we are proud of that. mr. mandela, when i visited with him reminded me of his visit to wa

south africa is changing fast. for the millions who have nothing, limiting -- living on promises alone is not good enough. >> robert parsons reporting there. reaction to mandela's death is report -- is pouring in from around the world. klerk waswilhelm de awarded the peace prize in 1993 for ending apartheid along with mandela. he pays his respects. >> to south africa and to the world, the emphasis with which he has always put on the need for reconciliation, on the importance of human rights. in south africa and it also applies to other pose to the promotehe need to equality. he was a man of great integrity. >> one of mandela's best known it contemporaries in the anti- apartment -- in the anti- apartheid movement, archbishop desmond tutu. we hear from him now. after 27 years in apartheid colonialcenturies of division, subjugation, and repression, he transcended race warmth andhrough his his wittiness -- and his willingness to listen and empathize with others, and restore people's faith in africa and africans. >> des

investment in south africa and bans u.s. imports of south african uranium, coal, steel, and agricultural products. mr. reagan is opposed to the sanctions, but he must convince at least 20 senators to change their positions if a veto is to be sustained. both sides say that is unlikely. >> president reagan's veto was to the sustained. it was overridden by an overwhelming vote in both the house and the senate, include manager, many, many members of his own republican party. it was the first override of a presidential veto on a foreign policy issue in the century. and anti-apartheid leaders credit those sanctions and credit the private divestment movement around the united states and around the world with bringing about the pressure and the isolation that was necessary to eventually humble the apartheid regime. to humble the ruling south african government and bring them to the negotiations that eventually freed nelson mandela and brought him into the apartheid system. the fight here to do that was nothing compared to the fight

the republic of south africa. the government -- brothers and sisters, today we are one extended family united by the africans soil. a towering giant who gave his life to humanity because he was selfless. he believed in the worth of every human being. especially humanity. because he believed in one united south africa. he shows forgiveness over retribution, reconciliation and peace. and south africa but it took us in namibia, but he was prominent brother. for those compatriots -- some who are here with us today -- he is here. he was an inspiration for the people of namibia in our struggle for freedom. and a symbol of fundamental human rights. peace and justice, not only for the people of south africa but for humanity itself. to celebrate his life and the fulfillment of the ideals he sacrificed. to our brothers and sisters of south africa, which shared the strength in the common struggle against apartheid. let us continue to gather, the struggle for problems for our people, guided by the principles of democracy, qua

south africa let's talk about distribution and redistribution you know apartheid south africa there was also a highly distribution system. the whites controlled most of the economy and the blacks were denied political rights now let's not fight the legacy about why this was and so on and so forth when mendiola came to power and i agree with peter i mean calling him some sort of radical redistributionist it's simply flies in the face of the facts but let's assume that some redistribution was done and i think peter is on point when he says not enough was done given the legacy of apartheid were blacks were systematically frozen out of political and economic rights and denied the basic tools that are required to thrive in any kind of system be it socialist a capitalist something needed to be done i think all things considered the criticism of mandela on the part of many to surround and franchise south africans is that a lot of the problems that jeremy was talking about have not gone away income inequality has increased racial segregation is not the law and now but it is de facto preside

>> there has been a huge divide in south africa. south africa remains a very unequal society. white south africans on average earn six times more than the average black south africans. there is a huge racial component to all of this. psychologically there are huge racial divisions. economically, a lot of the economic assets remain in white hands. recently in the last few years, that has increasingly become a big talking point in a lot of political circles. there are a lot of poor black south africans who remain unemployed, who may not feel they have benefited from the end of apartheid. >> we are bringing in ian bremer, the founder of the euro asian group. he is on the phone. what role did nelson mandela play on the world stage? >> it was unique. you look around the world today, and absent of the kind leaders and al statesmen that mandela represented. if people like gorbachev, yu and others in singapore. but he did not just capture the imagination of the country and the continent, but of the entire world in thinking about prospects of hope. there are people who have things like

having a dream like i do for africa and for any other black person in africa-- or white person in africa-- it doesn't mean much if i don't actually fight for it and actually die for it. >> he was madiba. what that means is, he was the father of the country. he really took us all, just put his arms around us and said, "hey, you know, you had your squabbles. it's okay." so, for him to be gone is... ( sigh ) ...something that's going to keep south africa quite sad yet hopeful for quite some time. it's donut friday at the office. and i'm low man on the totem pole. so every friday morning they send me out to get the goods. but what they don't know is that i'm using my citi thankyou card at the coffee shop, so i get 2 times the points. and those points add up fast. so, sure, make me the grunt. 'cause i'll be using those points to help me get to a beach in miami. and allllllll the big shots will be stuck here at the cube farm. the citi thankyou preferred card. now earn 2x the points on dining out and entertainment, with no annual fee.to apply, go to citi.com/thankyoucards did you run into traff

i was in south africa in cape down. it was unbelievable joy, and now his passing is unbelievable sadness, he took us to great heights and to great depths. hi used his mind and body and suffering to bring down the barriers of that system. hi chose reconciliation to have a south africa that would not have whites in the margin, but build a new inclusive south africa, which has the democratic model in the rest of the world, in terms of redemption and reconciliation. >> there has been a outpouring of grief around the world, following nelson mandela's death. here is what people in new york have been saying. >> he was such a great icon,ky not believe that, that is my first time hearing that. this is a shock tore the world, i know a lot of people will be sad, because he did a lot for africa. >> a great loss, he was -- he was someone who made a difference, and he will be missed. >> it is sad, it is sad. it is history. >> he was a strong man, who took part in the struggle of the people of south africa, to get more democracy, and