sudan which has been pretty much ended i guess? >> i think it's a really good question. he was as you say extremely suspect of these interventions in ongoing civil wars with parties on each side, each of whom are claiming legitimacy. he thinks they were likely to get into more harm than good. but he said there are some circumstances when the civil war just grinds on and on, and neither side is likely to win. and instead all that you are seeing is ongoing massacres of ordinary farmers, talisman, men, women and children. under the circumstances the presupposition against intervention has to be overwritten. he talks about a little obscure case that took place in portugal of all places in 1846. but, frankly, it was a very easy case for him because the mediation was relatively successfully done. they pressured the sides to negotiate. he had not fully come in my view, absorbed the capacities for massacre that modern technology and organization and communications even if it's only radio and machetes as anne-marie mentioned before, and also modern technology can bring to bear. and i think

, al qaeda and what's happening in northern mali and we have challenges in south sudan and central african republic. >> and in zimbabwe too. it's an interesting situation because i remember for years, south sudan was one of the independence from sudan and they finally did it and they end up in a civil war. what's the status of that civil war right now? >> sir that civil war continues in both the leaders are being obstructionist people to limit the ability of that government to get back together again. >> they are supposedly, right now in ethiopia, i think it is, trying to have peace talks. you see anything productive going on there? >> first, the fact that the regional partners are pressing them diplomatically to come to a solution solution is a very good sign and i think unfortunately that has happened before and wb. >> one last area that i've been interested in for a long time, in 2005, i went up and i was with two senators, and that was the first time that the lra had really serviced in the minds of people of how serious that thing was. he went as far south as congo and maybe we

casualties would want to have some involvement and are for an south sudan, and darfur were, the key there would've been putting some pressure on the central government to stop some of the measures, how one would have persuaded the external members of the security question to do that, it is very difficult. it's hard to just get them to agree to peacekeeping operation. that would be one way to go to put the pressure on. whether more would have been required after that is unclear. so sudan is so difficult, it is so disappointed, the hopes of those who had tried to midwife its independence for very good reasons by the split in the factions, at this point i think outsiders and again i don't have enough depth to say this with confidence, so so with a complete lack of confidence let me say that i would urge a non- intervention in south sudan at this time, the sides are so evenly divided that it is not clear what you would intervene for. there there is ground to try to continue diplomacy and whatever external pressure is possible. i would urge outsiders to keep their troops from trying to c

-pressure abusing their own population in places like sudan, burma and libya. they form the internationally sponsored russia and ukraine can muster not to play with the international community we put in place sanctions that impose massive class on in helping to bring it to the negotiating table and culminated in a comprehensive understanding that both active nuclear program and ensure that it is and will remain useful. economic sanctions have become a powerful force with clear and coordinated foreign policy objectives. smart power for situations where the end military force, not the on. they must remain a powerful option and that is why the lessons we've learned from our experience need to guide our approach to sanctions and we must be strategic in how we apply sanctions challenging the situations around the world. the power of our sanctions is inextricably linked to a leadership all over the world. they should interpret the context of our conditions somewhat lethargic economy and the predominate role of the u.s. financial system plays. we must guard against the impulse to r

situation that we are heading into with camps and by no means urban with the camps in sudan, you know, maybe the refugees in central africa and still be there, who knows. in every situation is different but there are common things but it's intention in terms of manufactureing hope, people make up different things every day, one day they are looking forward to a football match, the next day they're talking about moving to canada and the next day they are talking about going back to somalia because of something positive they heard on the news and they desperately trying to parlay into a story about how it's going to be okay to go back to somalia. >> or italy which we didn't get a chance to talk much about, the crisis and decide to make that considering going to italy and we didn't get a chance to talk about that but the risks that incurs. >> europe is the most tangible way out, really, which is really a lot of you spend much of their time dreaming and talking about europe because europe you can actually get to over land. it costs around $10,000 and the main reason that we are seein

south sudan. he is going to talk about his work with ebola and some, shot some great film he has done, sorry, on hiv too, right. >> yeah, like the last couple years doing two films. my last film was the ebola outbreak in liberia. i was there for two months. i looked how the community experienced that outbreak. and previously i did a documentary on the origin of hiv. in this documentary i tried to piece together where this virus came from and how this virus actually managed to cause a global pandemic. and in that talk i will touch a lot upon what peter has been saying, about the geographic origin of a virus that caused the pandemic, hiv, and what conditions there were. so i will, it is a bit like looking through a magnifying glass, how it feels to have life there and what conditions are there on the ground. hiv as you know is one of the worst pandemics we have experienced in recent history. hiv is a virus that comes from chimpanzees. so the pandemic form, hiv-1-m is virus similar form found in chimpanzees. since the 19 80's we've been knowing it is coming from chimpanzees and science i