teaches a class on abraham lincoln, andrew johnson and the constitution. he compares how both presidents have been portrayed as upholding or disregarding the constitution, and whether their reputations match their actions in office. prof. slap: good morning. thank you all for coming. today we are transitioning in the course from civil war to reconstruction. because of that, it is a good point in this course to talk about a big issue that goes throughout the civil war era, that we need to look at in the antebellum period, the civil war and reconstruction to understand. that question is the united states constitution. one of the things historians have been asking for generations about the constitution and the civil war era, basic questions as to what degree did the constitution shape the civil war era? to what degree did make political actors do certain things? constrain them or guide their actions? on the flip side, to what degree did the civil war shape the constitution? some of this is very clear in the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments, which directly change the constitution, b

>>> good afternoon everyone. today the lecture is going to be on abraham lincoln. many of you probably don't think of late abraham lincoln in terms of american or indigenous history. abraham lincoln had a lot on his plate. when he was president, the civil war and that dominated most of his attention. underneath the surface, important events involving american indians, events that one might argue make abraham lincoln a bit more of a problematic figure than he ordinarily was. what we may call the dakota war of 1862 occurred. it was drenched in blood as impoverished and hungry dakota waged war on settlers and faced the wrath of whites. tried, convicted, and sentenced to death, 303 men. lincoln commuted the sentence of most of these individuals but in the end 38 were hung in what remains america's largest max mass execution. they were made to enter the long walk, a forced journey of hundreds of miles from their homeland in eastern new mexico. american soldiers burn crops, destroy livestock they suffered from the lack of foods , diseases, and rates by other indians. it was during t

sneak abraham lincoln in a railroad car for baltimore. the detective that happened to be investigating the threat at the time uncovered evidence that they wanted to assassinate the new president elect at a stopover at baltimore in order to keep them from being inaugurated in washington. the next spy is lafayette baker in the generals uniform. he was a handsome man, brown hair, full-length beard and eyes that were almost hypnotic. he was 5 feet 10 inches tall. he was upset with roman history and he was an unsavory detective who creates the secret police force. the schooling taught him to read and write and for the next ten years he drifted from job to job with others in states and often having to flee the city after a gunfight with another man. he finally ended up in san francisco by the mid-1850s joining a vigilante committee and lynched the ones they both deserve the death penalty. when the civil war started, baker was back on the east coast rode into washington hoping to land a good paying job in the army. he was outraged when they captured fort sumter on apri april 14. baker had no

. and the lincoln administration is confronted with this almost immediately because lincoln doesn't believe that the confederacy that succession is possible, he doesn't regard the confederacy as a real thing, you can sense as lincoln talks through the war him talking about the so-called confederate states and the air quotes and bunny ears that he would be making. he refuses to acknowledge that succession is possible, that the confederacy exists as an independent state. that's the game and if he gives that up he has in effect lost the war from the beginning. so the question happens as u.s. forces and these confederate forces start coming into contact what is the condition of these men claiming to be soldiers of this independent state that lincoln doesn't believe is independent. and as "the new york times" suggests, the different is quite substantial, what confederates want is to be declared public enemies. this is, in fact, a journalist writing in the "new york times" who describes the difference between being a prisoner of war, which involves honorable restraint and a captured trait

to exist within the nation's capital. eight and a half month later, president lincoln signed the emancipation proclamation which did not free all enslaved persons but sent a powerful signal that slavery would no longer be tolerated. the emancipation proclamation has assumed a place among the greatest arguments of human freedom. the story of the emancipation proclamation is one that would help to redefine freedom and eventually change the course of history. both the proclamation and the d.c. legislation represent a promise of hope, freedom, and justice that continues to inspire and resonate with the american people more than 150 years after its creation. now it's my pleasure to welcome the reverend thomas brown to the stage. he is the director of the office of religious affairs and the executive office of the mayor. and the interim director of the mayor's office of african-american affairs and the commission on fathers, men and boys. he serves as a liaison for the faith community in the district of columbia and also provides support to the mayor's interfaith council. please welcom

can fight. the lincoln administration is confronted with this almost immediately, right, because lincoln doesn't believe that the confederacy, that succession is possible. you can see that during the war him talking about the confederate united states and the air quotes, he refuses to acknowledge that secession is possible. if he gives that up, he's in effect lost the war from the beginning. so the question happens as u.s. forces and these confederate forces start coming into contact. what is the consider of these men claiming to be soldiers of this independent state that lincoln doesn't believe is independent. what confederates want is to be declared public enemies. this is in fact a journalist writing in the "new york times" who describes the difference between being a prisoner of war, which involves honorable restraint, and a captured traitor, for which you may be hung. it emerges really on the high seas first. that is there are confederate letters of mark issued by jefferson davis to privateers. those men are captured. there are three ships captured. one goes to new york, one

that passage would be key for europe and the united states. just as abraham lincoln is being inaugurated, the spanish empire, which had been receding in the new world, re-annexed the dominican republic, and there's no doubt they are taking advantage of the chaos in the united states to move back into the new world. and this was the moment for the french. napoleon iii in the 1850's had through a coup d'etat taken power in france. he was very committed to reestablishing a french empire, not just in algeria, but in the western hemisphere. and he was not an admirer of the united states. he had visited the united states as a young man. he found americans to be greedy, materialistic, and uncultured, and he did not want to see them dominating the western hemisphere. so he developed his grand design, the invasion of mexico, which unfolded first with the cooperation of spain and great britain, in the first year of the civil war, then expanding throughout the first half of the 1860's. in europe, we see italian unification as the war is breaking out. so there's quite a bit on the minds

clicking the wrong way. the first question is over who can fight? the lincoln administration is confronted with this almost immediately. lincoln doesn't leave that the confederacy, that secession is possible. he doesn't regard the confederacy at a real thing. he is talking about the so- called confederate state in air quotes and bunny ears he would be making. he refuses to acknowledge that secession is possible and that the confederacy exists as an independent state. that is a game and he gives it up. he has an effect lost the war from the beginning. the question happens as u.s. forces and confederate forces come into contact, what is the condition of these men claiming to be soldiers of this independent state that lincoln doesn't believe is independent. the difference is quite substantial. what confederates want is to be declared public enemies. this is a journalist riding in the new york times who describes the difference between being a prisoner of war which involves honorable restraint and a captured trader for which you may be harmed. it emerges really on the high seas firs

historian who has contributed already, while a couple of great books but most recently lincoln's last trial. you wonder why i am interested in having him here. [laughter] but he has switched gears and written a book about the man whose home we are in. fdr. my fifth cousin by blood and my uncle by law. in fact he said it at the very trial that had aprons have written about in this extraordinary book about very little known episode and theodore roosevelt's life in the twilight of his life. it's an extraordinary legal episode in defense against a charge of bible that was argued here in new york state. so dan, welcome. soon i think you. >> it's always an honor to be interviewed by you and always intimidating. the fact a little better though that we are not talking about lincoln. then i would be in fear. >> have no fear. i think it's going to be considered new by everybody to who we meet. start with the obvious. why this book and why this case? >> so in the context of working on the lincoln book, if lincoln book in his last trial, we use this transcript, the only transcripts that exist. not for

tv. tonight on 8:00 p.m. eastern on lectures of history, a discussion on abraham lincoln and native americans. america, a film on the invasion of southern france. and a commemoration of the first general assembly held in jamestown. click for list of tasks on -- explorestory tv our nation's past every weekend on c-span three. american history tv products are available on the c-span store. note to c-span. or to see what all of thecheck out c-span products. -- c-span.org. >> tonight on lectures in history, abram lincoln and native americans. we visit these stony brook classroom of professor kelton to talk about the dakota wars, the removal of the novel hope, and the sand creek massacre. here is a preview. so, what about lincoln? what are we to make of them? a has left posterity with troubling legacy, and i will admit, historians often get asked, who is the best president ? answer would be a ram lincoln because of his determination to preserve the union and he oversaw the end of slavery, but when we look at this through the lens of indigenous history, lincoln is perhaps no different fro

lincoln's policy of reconciliation with the defeated south by seeking to bind up the wounds -- mercy and fairness. johnson faced extremist in congress who had already of course clashed with lincoln. those radicals had legislation to administer the downtrodden southern states as concord provinces. bill after bill was passed and was vetoed on the grounds that they were unconstitutional, too harsh in the treatment of the south, or an unnecessary provocation of military rule with the authority of the executive branch. those bills included, let me go back, july -- basic economic rights, an extension of the freedmen's bureau and the reconstruction act of 1857. they were of course always unconstitutional to the south. it is no accident that -- a massachusetts owned benjamin butler and charles sumter described by kennedy respectively as the butcher of new orleans and mr. sumner the south most implacable enemy who helped them make the reconstruction. a black nightmare that the south would never forget. these attacks on these northerners assured that -- to add a little more to the politics of the

key. the justice abraham lincoln is being inaugurated. the spanish empire, which had been receding in the new world -- there is no doubt he is taking advantage of the chaos in the united states to move back into the new world. taking power and france. very much committed to reestablishing a french empire, not just in algeria, but in the western hemisphere. admirer of the united states. he has visited the united states when he was a young man. he found americans to be greedy, materialistic, and uncultured. he developed his grand design, the invasion of mexico, which unfolded first with the collaboration of spain and great britain. and extending throughout the first half of 1860's. we are seeing italian unification, a nation unifying. there is quite a bit on european powers mines at this time. >> one angle that is not often talked about but really important in this question is the european communist movement, particularly karl marx and frederick engels. they were fascinated by the american civil war. as part of the european revolutions of 1848 in 1849, the communist leak, there was the

history, particularly the life of abraham lincoln, he was considered a good scholar of abraham lincoln. was surmounted by none other than harry truman at that time , not pres. harry truman. after delivering a speech in 1934, the future president of united states a learned about this iowa republicans interest in history. when induced truman grabbed the lapels of fred's coat and said something like "you got to know your history young man, if you want to be a good citizen" fred took that advice to heart. when he was elected to congress in 1954, he immersed himself in legislative affairs to commemorate a history. in 1962 he launched the u.s. capital historical society. since then the society has led an outstanding effort to educate the public about the history and heritage of our nation's legislative branch and the u.s. capital. stories are told that you never had a dig around the u.s. capitol building. if there was a whole, fred was in the whole trying to find the cornerstone. the original cornerstone of the u.s. capital. i don't know how may times he took me on tours of the capital, and

declare war. your book whether it's madison or lincoln or wilson are roosevelt or truman or johnson, in each case, there is a slight lease set of circumstances in which the president has decided how to exercise his authority as commander-in-chief. and how to include or in some clay cases not include congress in the decision-making process. so could you talk a little bit about roosevelt's relationship with congress but also compare him with these others to some of the other stories are really quite incredible. sumac so it is happened again. anyone here, allowed to ask a question to this extremely literate audience. anything at work question mark 1942. couple of nations, year after pearl harbor, have we been in any war since 1942? [laughter] someone has not been reading the constitution for the last number of decades. fdr is sort of at the center of this because he had to deal with the result of woodrow wilson. he took us into world war i without really explaining it to americans. either before or during the war. then at the end of the war, suddenly, essentially announced we want to d

war in 56 minutes. he begins with the lead-up to the war to bloody kansas to abraham lincoln's election. and then highlights the major bats from each year of the conflict and concludes with incoln's asass nation in 1865. >> our next speaker is gary adelman. he's a graduate of michigan state university as well as shipenburg's university of pennsylvania. he's an award-winning author, co-author or editor of 27 civil war books and more than 40 related articles. he is the vice president of the center for civil war photographer. he's been a licensed battlefield guide for 25 years. he's appeared on numerous productions shown on the bbc, c-span, the pennsylvania public time as d works full chief historian or the american battlefield trusts. without any further introduction, i now present to you my friend, gary gear. [applause] leave your book here? gary: yeah, sure, i might need it. hello, everybody. this isn't easy during the whole civil war in such a sort period of time. we'll see if it takes 56 minutes or whatever. i'm already wasting time for good luck for those of you who like to

already to a couple great books but lincoln's last trial. [laughter] to switch gears and written in the book my fifth cousin by blood in my uncle by law that the very trial that dan abrams has written about with this extraordinary book about a little-known episode to be in the twilight of his life and that was an extraordinary legalst episode against a charge of liable argues here in new york state. spin i thank you. great to be here and always greatin to have the energy by you. >> i think this would be considered new. so why this book in this case. >> inn the context of lincoln's last trial to use this transcript to argue the nine months before the republican nomination. and my co-author brought me this and said a fascinating transcript only discovered in 1989. nobody has written about it is possible that nobody has written about it and it is true it is a footnote to history. some in the context of doing that that there was a trial out there for i wonder if there are other interesting cases out there that we could unearth and lo and behold from 1915 and in the lincoln case 100 page han

almost say that except for the fact when abraham abrahm lincoln died of andrew johnson and weaverand we were supposed t abraham lincoln's vision of reconstruction. instead of a lot of john wilkes booth gives us andrew johnson a man nor a racist, who died a racist, the last to own slaves who didn't emancipate his own until seven months after the emancipation proclamation and a man who as president and to the resurrecting almost every old elements of the confederacy paving the way for the black codes which paved the way for the jim crow law and gave segregation. if i look at the story of post-civil war america, to me it can be described in some respects a story of two presidential assassinations beginning of abraham lincoln and ending with james garfield which i will come back to. when i set out to write the chapter about lincoln and andrew thomson, you think to yourself what can i write all the great e great scholars haven't written about in this sort of seminal moment in history and i decided i wanted to vindicate the one state on the record which is putting johnson a heartbeat away

out abraham lincoln's policies of reconciliation with the defeated south by seeking to bind up the wounds of the nation and treat the south with mercy and fairness. johnson faced the extremists in congress who already clashed with lincoln. those radicals passed legislation to administer the downtrodden southern states as conquered provinces. bill after bill was vetoed on the grounds they were unconstitutional the, too harsh in the treatment of the south, or military war with the authority of the executive branch. those bills included, the 1866 civil rights act, which gave african-american citizenship and basic economic rights and the reconstruction acts of 1867, they were always unconstitutional and unfair to the south. it's no accident that the villains in kennedy's portrayal are massachusetts' own benjamin butler described by kennedy as the butcher of new orleans and the south's most implaquable enemy who helped to make it a black nightmare the south would never forget. kennedy assured southerners that this massachusetts politician could be trusted. and just to add more to the po

20,000 spectators come for the dedication of the soldiers national cemetery. abraham lincoln comes up from washington, d.c. to deliver, as you know, a few appropriate remarks and consecrate this battlefield in a way no other civil war sites have been consecrated. he attaches to it through the use of the gettysburg address, a meaning to this landscape different than any of the other civil war battlefields. local gettysburg residents immediately realize the fight in their farm fields is worth preserving. so, the history of the gettysburg battlefield follows three very clear phases. three different preservation entities have held responsibility stewardship for this battlefield. you guys know this. the first is the gettysburg battlefield memorial association , which take holds in 1864 and manages the gettysburg battlefield until 1895. in 1895, the u.s. war department steps in, gives federal backing to the gettysburg battlefield manages it until 1830, when president franklin roosevelt signs an executive order to transfer stewardship from the national war department to the national park ser

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how thaddeus stevens is illustrating, "the clansman" , of course, lincoln. stevens was so sick yet to allow butler to take over as the lead prosecutor and could not finish the one speech he tried to give. this needed a villain. what a lot of mistress it was a prime architect of the black plague of reconstruction. for kennedy it was the black nightmare. now to the film. 9042, tennessee johnson, obviously, johnson is played by van heflin who just won an oscar. and the film acknowledges that its medium requires taking certain liberties. for instance, even though johnson did not appear at his own trial, in the film he comes in and gives a stirring defense. the film produces drama, by pitting johnson again stevens, displayed in a wheelchair by lionel barrymore who is perfectly cast after just having played a villain in it's a wonderful life. and the screenwriter had written the screenplay, for frankenstein. he was good at creating monsters. these are the three different works, they lost the similarities. but there are different states that they have the portrayals. for kennedy, but was at

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about today? - our first republican president, abraham lincoln, ran his first campaign for public office in 1832 when he was only 23 years old. he began by imagittering-- [music slows, stops] - i'm sorry, "imagitting?" - imagittering the benefits a railroad could bring to his port of illinois without ever having seen a steam-powered train. he had no idea. 30 years later, as president, lincoln signed the law that built the first transcontinental railroad, uniting our country from ocean to ocean. great president. most people don't even know he was a republican, right? does anyone know? lot of people don't know that. - i knew, but yeah, sure. [cannon fires] - and then, in the american civil war, a true great fighter and a great general, robert e. lee. - oh, we're learning about him now? okay. - robert e. lee was winning battle after battle, after battle. - [groans] [both groan] [gunfire] - and i'll tell you why. abraham lincoln came home. he said, "i can't beat robert e. lee." and he had all of his generals. they looked great. they were the top of their class at west point. they were

lincoln and the american slavery. both winners of the coveted bancroft prize. his latest book the second founding how the civil war and reconstruction remade the constitution will appear in september and tonight in the final event of our spring season eric will engage brenda wineapple in a conversation about her widely claimed new book be in "the impeachers" the trial of andrew johnson and the dream of a just nation. it may have one or two parallels to the current political situation but i will let our two historians weigh in on that. "after words" i will pass around the mic to our audience members who would like to ask a question. i should also mention the copies of the features are on sale courtesy of books on call nyc and by brenda wineapple will be happy to sign them. please welcome brenda wineapple and eric. [applause] >> thank you all for coming out this evening. to talk about in here about brenda wineapple excellent new book, "the impeachers". it's a interesting phenomenon that presidential election of 2016 and what's happened since has rekindled a lot of interest in recons

and third in george washington and second-place and guess who is number one, abraham lincoln. in the bottom five, john tyler, he went on to join the confederate congress after he left the white house, the man without a party why he was in the white house and also buried with the confederate flag on his grave were in harding we are learning more as years go by, he was in the 40th spot, franklin pierce, new hampshire's only president, 41st position, he had a very difficult time with sexual and is him and he came into office with a you briefly put, they have three sons and two died before he was elected to the presidency, the third son 11-year-old benny was riding on a train with his parents in new hampshire making their way to washington and the train had a tremendous accident and benny was throwing out of the train and was killed. the president carried his son lifeless body back to the train and that's how they started the early presidency and he had a hard time assembling his cabinet and his wife spent much of the years in the white house in writing letters to her departed son. i

retaliatory measures. specificsly frances lieber here is talking and writing about lincoln's retaliatory order that he issued in 1863, as you recall, when the confederate government said any black soldier or white commander of black troops, who are caught will not be given quarter, right? they will not be treated as prisoners of war. they will be subject either to be sold into slavery or executed. when the confederacy releases that order, they released it in the l fall of1861862, lib kahn releases his re-- lincoln releases his retaliatory measure, he says for every black soldier executed, we will execute one confederate prisoner of war. now, to my knowledge, they never did that. that never happened. i could be wrong. i have never seen evidence of that. it is entirely possible, but i don't think it ever occurred. but it was a threat, it was a retaliation order, and is, according to lieber, perfectly permissible to do that during war. so this is one of these, even though as we're going get to in just a second, the lieber code had expressed prohibition against the mistreatment o

with abraham lincoln. addresshas anyone ever aged asn five years? abraham lincoln gets up and one of the things he does is he is sitting there. and he starts talking about southhampton county. he asks his audience and new yorkers what induced the southhampton direction 28 years many as threeas times as many lives were lost. back to 1831, not 1832, the year gettysburg college was founded. it's not lincoln who is president, it is jackson. that guy. economics. i want to set this economically. when we look at the civil war, many more historians know railr. 18:30 -- 1830. here is a map of railroad construction in the united states by decade. 18:30 there is nothing. there are three dots. there are two dots in pennsylvania. shows how advanced pennsylvania is. there are no railroads. we want to remember there is a good deal more isolation. thewhat they do have a sense is coming as cotton revolution. there have been caught news forever. but there is going to be a tremendous increase in the as webility of cotton --e from here is a map of cotton production. top one is not cotton production of 1

can't be both inside and outside. most people haven't driven a lincoln. it's the final days of the lincoln summer invitation event. right now get 0% apr on all lincoln vehicles plus no payments for up to 90 days. only at your lincoln dealer. hey, who are you? oh, hey jeff, i'm a car thief... what?! i'm here to steal your car because, well, that's my job. what? what?? what?! (laughing) what?? what?! what?! [crash] what?! haha, it happens. and if you've got cut-rate car insurance, paying for this could feel like getting robbed twice. so get allstate... and be better protected from mayhem... like me. ♪ >>> in just a moment april ryan is here. hear what happened right after this. >>> to a controversy involving april ryan. ryan has been si lenglent about incident giving a speech in new jersey. ryan was there with a body guard, you saw him walk through the frame and she faced death threats for speaking out but the body guard took local editor charlie's cam pa, you can see it shaking there while he was filming the speech. then the body guard forcibly removed the reporter from the event

. and treat with mercy and fairness. johnson faced congress would clash with lincoln. administered in southern states and conquered provinces. they were unconstitutional and too harsh in the treatment of the south, or an military rule with the authority of the executive branch. those bills included the 1866 civil rights act which states citizenship an extension of the previous bureau between 1867, they were all unconstitutional themselves. no accident that the villains best selling betrayal lost on the own benjamin butler and charles schaller. respectively as new orleans, and this is the south most implacable enemy we hope to make the reconstruction period a nightmare the south would never forget. kennedy assured southerners that this massachusetts politician could be trusted. and a little more to the time, if you can invert for a moment your eye away from the fact that this is that addition, he my time you see that, is written by the story and alan evans was a prize historian. is not only one who wrote that addition, he was the chairman kennedy, and he read the manuscript best was

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