henry was not at all fond of belle, he found her to be crude and reprehensible and he would quickly inform anybody who asked about the relationship that he was -- she was his aunt by marriage only. so you know you've got to be a pretty interesting woman to be reviled like that by an outlaw like henry star. he spent 32 years in crime, he claimed to have robbed more banks than both the james younger game and the dualen dalton gang put together. he robbed banks on authority back and robbed his last in a car. allegedly he robbed 21 banks during his outlaw career and made off with nearly $80,000 all on his own. now, the legend has really romanticized many outlaws, especially the james brothers through originally dime novels and editorials like we heard earlier. then later i think through tv shows and movies it's really how most people in the public know about these men. a lot of them have become these robin hood-type figures versus the evil law men and though we did hear about quite a few evil law men it is interesting that that's the typical way that wild west outlaws had been characterized. i

henry starr's uncle was tom starr who was married to belle. he found belle to be crude and reprehensible and would quickly inform anybody who asked about the relationship that she was his aunt by marriage only. so you know you've got to be a pretty interesting woman to be reviled like that by an outlaw like henry starr. he spent 32 years in crime. he claimed to have robbed more banks than the james/younger gang and the duelen gang together. he robbed his last in a car in 1921. he made off with nearly $80,000 all on his own. now, the legend has really romanticized many outlaws especially the james brothers. through originally dime novels and editorials like we heard earlier. and then later, i think through tv shows and movies, it's really how most people in the public know about these men. and a lot of them have become these robin hood type figures versus the evil lawmen. we did hear about a few evil lawmen, it's interesting, that's kind of the typical way that wild west outlaws have been characterized. so i want to leave you with this thought.

but george henry thomas was able to destroy general john bell hood's confederate army because that left flank was weakened so much by the black troops attacking on the right. in december of 1864, the black division of the ninth core in the army of the potomac and the two black divisions of the 10th and 18th corp. of the army of the james formed the 25th corp., this became the largest grouping of black soldiers in the civil war. general butler, commander of the army at the james, loved having black troops in his core. he tried to get the black ninth corp. division transferred to him but that didn't take place. now, in the greater fredericksburg area, the first black troops to fight general robert e lee's army was the 23rd regiment united colored troops. my colleagues and i respect the 23rd during the battle of spotsylvania courthouse, they were called on to assist the 2nd ohio calvary, being chased by general thomas ross' brigade of calvary. they marched from the ruins to the intersection of orange plank road to the alridge farm and drove back the confederate calvary. that let the white

henry was not at all fond of bell. he found her to be crude and reprehensible. and he would quickly inform anybody who had asked about the relationship that he she was his aunt by marriage only. so you know you have to be a pretty interesting woman to be reviled like that by an outlaw like henry starr. he spent 32 years in crime. he claimed to have robbed more banks than both the james younger day gang and the dueling game put together. he started robbing banks on horseback in 1893, and rob his last in a car in 1921. allegedly, he rubbed 21 banks during his outlaw career and made off with nearly 80,000 dollars all on his own. now, the legend has really romanticized many outlaws, especially the james brothers. through originally dime novels and editorials, like we heard earlier. and then later, i think through tv shows and movies, it's really how most people in the public know about these men. and a lot of them have become these robinhood type figures versus the evil lawman. although we did hear about a few, call them pretty eva lawman, it is interesting that tha

or henry ford's father for that matter. croatian who did so much to give us those oil rigs. carla briere, son of a german immigrant who led a revolution in car design and possibly the most gorgeous automobile ever built, the lincoln zephyr. a slovakian who helped give us some of the first electric guitars. or richard, an english immigrant printer who gave us the rotary press. that is the modern newspaper. or the two young jewish men came who freed themselves from europe came to america, changed their , names to jacob davis and levi strauss, and gave us bluejeans. the list of immigrant contributions is almost endless, in every field of endeavor, but nowhere are they more evident than in the decades long development of magnetic resident imaging, or the mri. it began with a dedication of a remarkable young jewish immigrant who liked to say, had we stayed in europe, and i probably would have become a tailor. instead, because his family went to america, he became a nobel prize winner and quintessential american. with an enduring

he would inspire the efforts of one of our greatest inventors, alexander graham bell. and so it goes, down through edison's workshops, the space center, silicon valley, route 128 in massachusetts, which i'm sure you are familiar with, the microsoft lab and washington state, concentrations begun by government or corporate or individual initiatives where all sorts of intelligent people have created vital nodes of creation and commerce. the same can be said for detroit in the midwest in the first decades of the automobile industry. the mississippi delta during the evolution of the blues and jazz, chicago and the skyscraper began to rise, new york when america came into being, proximity matters. six key elements of invention, i am sure there are more, but the singular thing about american ingenuity is how many different ways we have invented grits, collaboration, education, government funding, immigration, innovation, hard work, obsession, persistence, irrational optimism, and the occasional earthshaking epiphany. it all works. hearing the redundancy to modern democracy. d

lum americans expected from images the small bleak graveside of henry clay jr., killed at the battle of buena vista in february 1847, could not compete in either narrative detail or visual appeal with something like this hand-colored lithograph of his death issued by nathaniel career. the print artist here had tools akin to those that historians have. the print artist could look back with hindsight to compression drama to depict a noble and patriotic death. he could use printed words down at the bottom to describe with precision the content of his image and the typesist could do none of this. this leads us to larger stories of photographer and the ways in which americans struggle to understand this new medium. if photographs can help us uncover america's slow embrace of the medium, they can help us track when that attitude changed. in 1867, alexander gardner titled this photograph made for the kansas specific railway eastern division, "westward the course of empire." a decision that points not just to the ubiquity of bishop barkley's phrase but to the ways in which americans could no

there was henry who was married to bell. he was not at all fond of her. he found her to be crude and would quickly inform anybody that she was his aunt by marriage only. you know you have got to be pretty interesting woman to be reviled like that by an outlaw like henry starr. he rubbed more banks than other gangs put together. he rubbed his last in 1921. he allegedly robbed 19 thanks and made off with $8 million on his own. legend has really romanticized any outlaws, especially the james brothers, through originally dime novels and editorials like we heard earlier. later through tv shows and movies that's how most in the public know about these men. a lot of them had become robin hood type figures. what we hear about people law men, it's interesting that is the typical way wild west outlaws have been characterized. so i leave you with this thought. the encyclopedia of western gun fires said that though the history of these gangs is often romanticized, it should not be forgotten that they were nothing more than thugs. i thank you for coming out this eveni

bell: that same year, 1829, george henry evans authored the working man's declaration of independence, which did exactly what you think it did. the list goes on and on. if we skip forward, in 1970, african-american church leaders published the black declaration of independence. here is a quick excerpt. "the history of the treatment of black people in the united states is a history having in direct object the establishment and maintenance of racist tyranny over this people. to prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world. the united states has evaded compliance to laws the most wholesome and necessary for our children's education. the united states has caused us to be isolated in the most dilapidated and unhelpful sections of all cities. the united states has allowed election districts to be so gerrymandered that black people find the right to representation in the legislature's almost impossible of attainment." there were dozens and dozens of these alternative declarations, and in 1976, the year of the bicentennial, a historian published a wonderful collection of these alterna

uncle was the notorious sam starr who was married to belle. henry was not fond of belle. he said she was his aunt by marriage only. you have to be an interesting woman to be reviled like that by an outlaw. he spent 32 years in crime. robbed moreo have banks than the james younger gang and the doolin dalton gang combined. banksdly, he robbed 21 and made off with nearly $80,000 on his own. the legend has really romanticized the many outlaws, especially the james brothers, through originally dime novels and editorials like we heard earlier. and then later, through tv shows and movies is how most people in the public know about these men. a lot of them have become these robin hood type figures versus the evil law men and although we did hear about quite a few pretty evil law men, it is interesting that that is the typical way that wild west outlaws have been characterized. i want to leave you with this thought. the encyclopedia of western gunfighters noticed that the history of these old west gangs is often romanticized, it should not be forgotten that they were in fact nothi

henry was a lawyer from albany . he served in the 12th in new was and participate participated in the bells of vence in fredericksburg. he was appointed the u.s. consul to hanover, germany in 1882. he subsequently ended up murdering his wife in a 10 1883. he spent the rest of his life in a german asylum for the insane. there are books about henry and clara. there's a novel based on their relationship and the murder of clara harris. there's not a lot of nonfiction. so, here is the group of linking conspirators. dr. mudd is not in that picture but the rest of them are. , we will briefly run through the group. you know about lewis powell. he was known as lewis payne. he was sentenced to hang. george atzerodt. he was a carriage repair man and painter. he was assigned to murder vice president johnson. he got drunk in the hotel at the kirkwood house where johnson was staying and lost his nerve. did not go through with it. interestingly enough, this is the guy who would have been president had atzerodt succeeded. foster of

henry was a lawyer from albany who bridges abated and the bells of vence id. in fredericksburg. he was appointed the u.s. consul to hanover, germany in 1882. he subsequently ended up murdering his wife in a 10 three. inspent the rest of his life a german asylum for the insane. henry andbooks about clara. there's a novel based on their relationship and the murder of clara harris. there's not a lot of nonfiction. so, here is the group of linking conspirators. richer, is not in that but the rest of them are. we will briefly run through the book -- through the group. -- know about lewis how lewis powell. he was known as lewis payne. atzerodt. he was assigned to murder vice president johnson at the kirkwood house hotel, but lost his nerve. this is a guy who would have ---two b president had huge gone to be president had he succeeded. a republican senator from connecticut. he actually voted against the bill granting the vote to african-american men in d, but he did vote for the 13th amendment. so, a lot of people do not know this. henry johnson asked if he could delay being sworn in u

he source d the story of the confederacy by henry. it's not footnoted. so all of a sudden, it ends right tr. so i start digging and digging goodness g and thank there's a cool little confederate little library at marshall called a the rosanna blake collection and it actually hides in the corner of the old library building because it has the word confederate in its name. and i found well, keeps a low profile. i found this during the retreat as general hood and his staff were riding along. couple of the sol soldiers had to step out of the way and as he rode by, one soldier mcmurray, actually cited, said he heard a soldier from a north carolina regiment step aside and say, well gallant hood of texas played hell in tennessee, didn't he? well, mcmurray records that in the history of the 20th tennessee regiment. it was published in 1904 and he cites one soldier saying that. if you all google or look at you know, sometime when you're sitting around, google hood played hell in tennessee. you'll come up with thousands of hits and it's funny. these are just a coup

he was belle starr's nephew by marriage. and trainank robber robber during the old west, and graduated from fast horses to fast cars and started robbing banks. in the 1900s. one that i talk about in my book, he robbed a bentonville bank in 1893, before cars. but then one with cars is the one i talk about most is when he tried to rob the bank of harrison, arkansas in like february of 1921, he ended up getting killed. that is the man that killed him. he was the former president of the bank he was who just happened to be there on the day that this happened. he was the former president and he knew where there was a gun stashed, and he grabbed a gun and killed him. that is henry starr after he was laid out dead. a year or so later in the fall of 1922, about a year and a half later, the remnants of the starr gang try to hold up the eureka springs bank, and again the citizens armed themselves and killed like two and seriously injured a third member of the gang. this is them after the thing was all over. they were celebrating the fa

he quickly sent word to henry w. hallock, who was chief of staff in washington, quote, atlanta is ours and fairly won. the civil war as we know it was bitterly fought, but sherman's decision not to destroy hood and his army in atlanta was a clear indication of something. just what this man's attitude was toward the confederacy and its people. sherman simply did not want to go into -- go back into fighting a war of maim and blood. but he couldn't remain in atlanta. he had to do something. so he planned -- and this took place over a period of time -- to institute a new form of warfare, to institute destructive war against the confederacy. and how was he going to do that? by marching to the sea. lincoln and grant were not in favor of this but sherman quickly wore them down, began his march from atlanta to the sea on november 14th, 1864. one of the things i wanted to point out, if you remember nothing else about my part of it, i know you're going to remember anything craig said, but my part of it, i want you to remember

mary todd, daughter of henry clay's business partner and political ally, from lexington, kentucky, a southern belle, was a rare woman of the southern upper class who loved politics and was described as a child as a violent little wig. she did not hesitate to offer her strong opinions at a time when women were supposed to remain silent and deafer enshall on the subject. if anything, she was more ambitious for her ambitious husband than he was. his alliance with her gave him more than the social standing he desired. she steadied him, pushed him forward, defended him and never lost faith in his star. she referred to their union as our lincoln party. mary was high strung, threw temper tantrums and made scenes. she gave lincoln a family, respectability, a proper home and passion ately believed in him. herndon hated her calling her a she wolf. she would never invite him into the lincoln home in springfield calling him a dirty dog. lincoln's young private secretaries, john hey referred to her as the hell cat. there would have been no lincoln without mary. and he knew it. he remained smitten

hear only joy bells because it is your wedding day. he pleaded it had been ghastly to be plunged from the heights of joy following union victory to the deaths of sorry. now frank confessed he was glad for the distraction. i'm hankful for time away from it. to that end frank asked henry to tell him about the wedding, whether you behaved or not and how many mistakes you made in the service. frank wanted to know the most details asking about his domestic life including how your rooms look and what you can see from the windows. mournings e mersimmersed themse. to face the future proved much more difficult for defeated confederates. when a white mississippi woman wrote that all are mourning and their hearts are crashed, president lincoln was nowhere in her thoughts. she went on the estimate she had lost $65,000 worth of human chattle. with aching hearts we will mourn for many days, weeks, months and years to come. ideal vision the world had come to a stand still. time suspended in order to allow proper grieving. lincoln's enemies didn't so

now in the middle, henry green bell. prior to 1939, the jewish people had lived in poland for over 1000 years, freely. when the germans invaded poland in 1939, henry was just 11 years old. his father had just recently, and unexpected lee died. -- on effectively died. they were moved into a crowded jewish ghetto. his mother and sisters were deported in 1942. all were killed in the death camps. a year later he and his sister were attending to escape their laser -- labor concentration can't. -- can't. mp. the nazis opened fire, shooting him in the back of the head. after he dropped his sister's hand, he realized she was dead. he survived. most of his family was killed by the nazis. he has survived both being shot while trying to be -- trying to escape, and he also survived a death march when he was 15 years old. you will hear from him what it was like the day he was liberated by the american army on april 25, 1945. we're honored to have such a --tinct panel to discuss such a distinguished panel to discuss these issues. we h

brandemarti daniel raymond brandhorst [ bell tolling ]. [ moment for silence ]. david reed gamboa brandhorst michelle renee bratton patrice braut lydia estel bravo ronald michael breitweiser edward a. brennan, iii. >> frank h. brennan. francis henry brennan michael e. brennan peter brennan thomas m. brennan daniel j. brethel gary lee bright jonathan eric bailey mark a. brisman paul gary bristow >> i would like to dedicate this to my brother. i am not there, i do not sleep. i am a thousand winds that blow. i am the diamond glints on the snow. i am the sunlight and ripened grain. i am the gentle autumn rain. when you awaken in the morning's hush, i have the swift uplifting rush of quiet birds in circled flight. i am the soft stars that shine at night. do not stand at my grave and cry, i am not there. i did not die. for any brother michael angel trinidad. >> and my cousin, melissa, we are so blessed to have you as an angel. and we're just empty without you. we love you very much. >> mark francis broderick >> herman charles broghammer >> keith a. broomfield >> bernar

henry fernandez. judy hazel fernandez. julio fernandez. elisa gist sell ferraina. anne marie sallerin ferreira. robert john ferris. david francis ferrugio. louis v.fersini jr. michael david ferugio. bradley james fetchet. jennifer louise fialko. kristen nicole fiedel. samuel fields. alexander milan filipov. michael bradley finnegan. timothy j. finnerty. michael c.fiore. stephen fiorelli jr. paul m.fiori. john b.fiorito. andrew fisher. bennett lawson fisher. john roger fisher. thomas j. fisher. lucy a. fishman. ryan d. fitzgerald. thomas james fitzpatrick. richard p. fitzsimmons. darlene e. flagg. elaine fletcher. and my uncle, leon bernard hayward, also known as emcee snan sundance. even though i didn't really know you, you will always be family in my heart and i will always love you. and in your honor, i have decided to seven our country with the united states marine corps. >> and my grandfather, walter arthur mcneil. the love that you and mama share was like no other. i raised my uncle to be a great man. now he is the head of the house. you will always forever be

and the time clocks to work in henry ford's model t factory and vote for the kind of people that these people would like them to vote for. they could make enough money for food, clothing and shelter, enough time for leisure, radio or movies or tvs. facilitating their pleasures as tocqueville put it and to endorse in their occasional vote or as tocqueville puts it, citizens leave their dependence for a moment to indicate their master and re-enter it. that's how he sees the democratic process, the political process working in a system of soft despotism. in this -- and in this view, he portrays a situation where we have gone far along the road to soft despotism and there is no turning around. i want to suggest something a little different. something that's from my point of view a little more optimistic. first of all, many of the features of america that tocqueville describes are still part of american life. america still abounds in voluntary associations more than any other nation in the world. there's some indications the percentage of people involved in such associations are declining a

i want to ask the pan bell 1824 and charge against henry clay when he back -- quincy adams and accepted the secretary of state position. do you think that's the reason why we are referring to henry clay as contenderte

close enough to hear the church bells, literally on the outskirts of richmond and if richmond had fallen at that point in the summer of 1862, potentially probably would have happened to the confederacy, of course that's all henry and donaldson and after new orleans and actually also not talked about in your readings but also important. lee turns the tide. he wins those very large and very important victories. now, why is lee also criticized for his aggressiveness, though? >> he lost early. >> yes. >> wasn't the type of war they could afford to fight. >> exactly. so, okay. all right. explain. >> a lot of the stories i think shelby foote was saying he theorizes that the confederacy should have fought a guerrilla war campaign similar to america in the american revolution. >> not necessarily foote but there are a lot of arguments lee should have engaged in something more like partisan operations, and it is not just guerrilla operations. everyone acknowledging that a confederacy would have needed a conventional army. what relative of robert e. lee is a lot of times compared to lee as somethin