what they are thinking about first is we got everyoningineer you don't have enough tnt. your tanks, what about them? well, one of the things they are going to start doing is welding prongs onto the front of united states army tanks in order to punch holes through the hedge rows. now, you will often hear claims oh, it's this guy who does it first. this guy who did it first. that guy, whatever. all of those are debatable because this is going on uniformally across the board. each unit figuring it out on their own kind of thing. it isn't as much a unified approach. so i'm giving you the general picture of the fact people are improvising and figuring out we will punch holes with tanks but the tanks will be vulnerable on their own. if you send a tank to punch through the hedge row it's very good possibility there will be a german crouching with an anti-tank weapon that he can basically punch a hole in your armor and destroy the tank if he's close enough. you also have anti-tank weapons dug in and things like that. this is where you need the infant infantry. infantry must be r

enough engineers or tnt. your infantry can't get through on their own. they don't that have weapons. the tanks. what about them? one of the thing they will start doing is welding prongs on to the front of the u.s. army tampgs in order to punch holes through the hedge rows. now you'll often hear claims oh, it's this guy who does it first, this guy who did it fixes that guy whatever. all of those are debatable because this is going on uniformly across the board. each unit figuring it out on their own kind of thing. it isn't as much a unified kind of approach. i'm giving the general picture that people are improvising. if you punch through a hedge row there's a good chance there's a german on the other side of the hedge row with a weapon that he can basically punch a hole in your armor and destroy the tank if he's close enough. you also have anti-tank weapons that are dug in things like that. so this is where you need infantry. infantry must be alongside those tanks as they punch through. the tanks will punch th

what they are thinking about first is, well, we've got engineers with tnt and we'll just blowholes that way. yoush infantry can't kbet through on your own. they don't have the weapons for it. and your tanks? welt, what about them? one of the things they're going to start doing is welding prongs on to the front of the united states army tanks in order to punch holes through the hedgerows. y you' you' you'll often hear claim that is are debatable. the tanks are vulnerable on their own. if you send a tank through, punch through the hedgerow, there's a very grood possibility that there will be a german crouching in a ditch with what's called a panzer tlous. he can bass icalically punch a in your armor. infantry must be right in front of those tanks. they'll figure there must be german ins the ditches or maybe in the field, if they're dumb. but maybe, you know, close buy. they will saturate the area with white phosphorous shells. white phosphorous is a nasty weapon. basically, designed to burned through all the way to the bone. no german wants to have little bits of white phosphorous come do

enough engineers or tnt. your infantry can't get through on their own. they don't have the weapons for it. and your tanks, what about them? well, one thing they'll start doing is welding prongs onto the front of united states army tanks in order to punch holes through the hedge rows. now, you will often hear claims, oh, this guy does it first and this guy did it first and that guy, whatever. all of those are debatable because it is going on uniformly. across the board. each unit figuring it out on their own kind of thing. it isn't as much a unified kind of approach. so i'm giving you sort of the general picture of the fact that people are improvising and figuring out, okay. we'll punch holes with tanks. but the tanks are going to be vulnerable on their own. if you send a tank through, punch through the hedgerow, there is a very good possibility a german will wait on the other side, crouching en a ditch with a panzer faust, an anti-tank weapon, basically a fire and forget weapon, he can basically punch a hole

>> as related to, like, tnt? >> yeah. we call it -- kilo tons or megatons. and that is equivalent -- a kilo ton is equivalent to a thousand tnt, a conventional explosive. so to try and get our minds around this new force in the universe, or this new force that humans have figured out not how to control, but at least how to tap, that's a big intellectual leap. and it's going to take time. >> i thought the 20 kilo tons was one of them, right? was that a little -- was that the 20 tons -- kilo tons? sorry? >> i don't want to go on record on that. >> somewhere in the book it said that the -- that between the two bombs, it was equal to the -- all the conventional bombs dropped in europe, and obviously, that's pretty significant, you know, considering how much we actually did drop. even more significant is, you know, think about current day. we have 50, 60, 70, megaton, you know, warheads on our nuclear bombs. that's, you know, 1,500 times what nagasaki was. it's pretty significant when you think about it in that sense. what could come from one of those bombs. >> a

>> as related to, like, tnt? >> yeah. we call it -- kilo tons or megatons. and that is equivalent -- a kilo ton is equivalent to a thousand tnt, a conventional explosive. so to try and get our minds around this new force in the universe, or this new force that humans have figured out not how to control, but at least how to tap, that's a big intellectual leap. and it's going to take time. >> i thought the 20 kilo tons was one of them, right? was that a little -- was that the 20 tons -- kilo tons? sorry? >> i don't want to go on record on that. >> somewhere in the book it said that the -- that between the two bombs, it was equal to the -- all the conventional bombs dropped in europe, and obviously, that's pretty significant, you know, considering how much we actually did drop. even more significant is, you know, think about current day. we have 50, 60, 70, megaton, you know, warheads on our nuclear bombs. that's, you know, 1,500 times what nagasaki was. it's pretty significant when you think about it in that sense. what could come from one of those bombs. >> a

>> as related to, like, tnt? >> yeah. we call it -- kilotons or megatons. and that is equivalent -- a kiloton is equivalent to a thousand tnt, a conventional explosive. so to try and get our minds around this new force in the universe, or this new force that humans have figured out not how to control, but at least how to tap, that's a big intellectual leap. and it's going to take time. >> i thought the 20 kilotons was one of them, right? was that a little -- was that the 20 tons -- kilotons? sorry. >> i don't want to go on record on that. >> somewhere in the book it said that the -- that between the two bombs, it was equal to the -- all the conventional bombs dropped in europe, and obviously, that's pretty significant, you know, considering how much we actually did drop. even more significant is, you know, think about current day. we have 50, 60, 70, megaton, you know, warheads on our nuclear bombs. that's, you know, 1,500 times what nagasaki was. it's pretty significant when you think about it in that sense. what could come from one of those bombs. >> abso

just to show -- tnt made a made-for-tv movie. tom selleck is eisenhower in a movie called "ike: countdown to d-day." this was to show that everyone at this point was so interested in telling these d-day stories, it was so popular and prevalent that tnt even got into the game. a very americanized tale of the event. the one significant british character portrayed is bernard montgomery. they get the details of an argument he had with eisenhower wrong. i don't need to go into the specifics. but the point is the result of this movie is that d-day becomes an entirely american tale, where the british seem completely and utterly opposed to the event. so, what does all this tell us? in the end, how we show the story has changed somewhat. i would like us to think about that for a second. the shift in the upper left-hand corner from allusion. at the end, we have circled all the way around clockwise. we are no longer alluding. we are very visibly and very graphically showing you what this cost. the point has remained largely stable. the reas