addressing a european parliament. in the members represent the diversity and the variety of europe. under manikin unparalleled crisis, particularly dramatic in their institutions, both the national and european level. however, with that confidence and trust no institutions can persist on a permanent basis. therefore the cooperation is required in order to regain that trust and that confidence. the concerns of the european union and its institutions and those of the catholic church to a large extent proceed, the values of tolerance, respect, equality , frivolity, part and parcel of our comment task. stands for standing together, being together. difficulty in finding a job and finding their place in society. looking for a future for themselves and for their children. people are looking to the institutions for protection, social justice. the opportunities the opportunities in life, the situation of our people and our societies, peace and war , the neighborhood of the european union. we union. we are facing common challenges, shared challenges. your holiness, your words have tremendous

holding pounds lost millions. reacting to what he called the "earthquake in europe," president herbert hooverproclaimed america's steaastness to the gold standard. but despite official pronouncemen manyuropeans feared that america would be next to devalue itsurrency. inrnational investors rushed to redeem their dollars for gold. boatloads of american gold reserves were sppedverseas. to protect the american banking system, toreserve confidence in the dollar based on the gold standard herbert hoover directed the federaresee system to make changes,changes that would "keep the american dollar ringing true in every city in america and in the world." the fed responded by raising its discount rate foinerananksusup ratof ieres paid to their depositors. the result -- foreign investors earned more interest and were enticed to leave their money in u.s. nks. the strategy worked. confidence in the dollar was restored and the gold drain was plugged. but there were other more serious ramifications. dr. edward bernsinformer principal economist u.s.asury departme. britain was the most important ading c

alliance. it was really kind of a management problem. i wasn't really interested in europe for a long time, but now i am. europe two seems to be going through a difficult set of passages. it's on my list as well. >> in what sense? europe unfinished experiment? europe as an -- >> europe was -- first, europe was a partner. we know for all the countries around, europe was still our main partner. but its capacity is diminishing, particularly in the military sphere. then there's europe as an ongoing venture. in the short run, there's the euro crisis, which is not over, by all means. and then there's the longer term question that seems to be about the european construction. in a funny way, europe has succeeded well enough so that cat loan yeah and scotland don't need countries, they can just have europe. then there's the looming question of europe's neighborhood, both northern, of which we're very aware now, but slow to come to grips with i think in europe, and also its southern border as well. again, i put it on the list. because so much is in motion there, in flux, both inside europe

♪ >> hello and welcome to "focus on europe," the personal stories behind the headlines from every corner of the continent. i'm damien mcguinness. great you could join us. on today's program -- in the mediterranean, securing europe's borders. in poland, remembering the past with nazi death cap survivors -- death camp survivors. and in ireland, illusion becomes reality. first, to the difficult issue up migrants trying to cross the mediterranean to get to europe. this year alone, more than three thousand people have died trying to make that journey. more than 150,000 arrived by sea this year, double last year's figure. until now, the navy has rescued many migrants suddenly in trouble out at sea, but the mission has ended and has been replaced by a new eu operation called triton, which is smaller and only supposed to guard europe's border rather than rescue migrants. there are now fears that the deadliest year yet in the mediterranean is about to get much worse. >> in the autumn, the weather often makes it difficult to reach the ship, but today, the waves have called down quickly afte

>> from the heart of europe, this is dw in berlin. >> a pleasure to have you on. the headlines at this hour. president cutin in science and new military doctrine as designating nato as russia's main foreign threat. >> remembering the victims of the devastating 2004 tsunami. >> as ebola ravages west africa, victims are being ostracized from their societies including little children. the worst confrontation between russia and the west since the cold war deepened with russian president vladimir putin signing a new military doctrine identifying nato expansion as the key threat to his country's decision. >> ukraine dropped its nine status, raising the possibility of a joining the alliance. >> outraged by that, president putin called nato a frontier of expansion. >> the talks broke down, it is not kept the two sides from swapping prisoners. >> the press waited in vain as negotiators left minsk empty-handed. talks scheduled for friday were called off indefinitely. this as kiev and pro-russian rebels exchanged 372 war prisoners. the ongoing crisis continues to strain relations between rus

like to ask catherine about east and central europe. >> eastern europe, there are a lot of differences. when we analyze and go deeper, there are a lot of similarities. for example, russia. it is equal when we are talking about labor markets, when we are talking about women working all places and present at universities. during the communist step, the status of women was equal to citizens -- men citizens. in comparison to western europe, it is not really equal. it is the same as martina mentioned. women should be pretty and should be present in the society but should not really do it at the same level as the men. ordinary people, they say, yes, russian women, they are really equal, and we would like to have the same status as russian women. they are allowed to go in public and to be pretty and to be present. this is what is not possible in azerbaijan. >> we are very focused on violence. what about the prevalence of gender-based violence in central and eastern via europe -- eastern europe? >> it is different from what martina described. as we talk about violence in eastern europe, it is

going to be the in january. >> you talk about investment. does europe need a massive investment program? that is what we are apparently getting from brussels. do you think the investment that is being proposed by jean-claude juncker is enough? there were a group of businessmen at the for him saying, no, not enough and not well targeted. what does france need in terms of investment? what help does it need from brussels? it is not france that is needing something, it is europe. what we want to do in europe, of course europe is dramatically needing investment plan. what mr. juncker proposed two weeks ago is enough. we need much more to fight against the risk of deflation that we are seeing right now. it is not a question of france. france is able to take its responsibility to reduce its deficit and make reforms. what we need in europe is a big investment plan in order for , for customers to be tofident in the future, and stop the mechanism of deflation that we can see. and itvestment is needed is not enough. >> one of the reasons people may not invest in france is they fear for what the le

german ]. [ applause ] our gathering today is being broadcast throughout western europe and north america. i understand that it is being seen and heard as well in the east. to those listening throughout eastern europe, i extend my warmest greetings and the good will of the american people. to those listening in east berlin, a special word -- although i cannot be with you, i address my remarks to you just as surely as to those standing here before me. for i join you, as i join your fellow countrymen in the west, in this firm, unalterable belief -- [ speaking german ] behind me stands a wall that encircles the three sectors of this city, a vast barrier that divides the entire continent of europe. from the baltic south those barriers cut across germany in towers. farther south, there may be no visible, obvious wall but there remain armed guards and checkpoints all the same. still a restriction on the right to travel. still an instrument to impose upon ordinary men and women the will of a totalitarian state. yet, it is here in berlin where the wall emerges most clearly. here, cutting

places in europe. siena and other italian city-states can stand as a new beginning in our story of western art. hitherto, the old medieval world view had, put simply, divided the classes of society into the aristocracy at the top, the church, and the laboring peasantry at the bottom. in places like this, we see for the first time a new class, conscious of its own identity-- the merchants. these cities were no longer controlled by feudal lords. they were republics. here in siena, several thousand citizens were eligible for election to the governing bodies which met down there in the palazzo publica. and in the palazzo, there is a fresco painted in the 1340s which encapsulates their faith in the secular arts of government, in the moderating power of reason in human society. it's called the effects of good government. this marvous fresco, painted by ambrogio lorenzetti, was the first panoramic landscape on this scale in western art. the peasants bringing their produce from the countryside, the merchants going about their business, the elegant ladies of leisure, all are fused into an i

europe, whole and free. gorbachev talks about a common home. is it a step toward that? probably so. >> [ inaudible ] >> no indication of that germans going through federal republic of germany. >> what's the danger here, just fwhaud secretary baker commented [ inaudible ] a danger here that things are accelerating too quickly? >> well, i wouldn't want to say this kind of development makes things move too quickly at all, the kind of development we long kind of encouraged by our strong support for the helsinki final act. i'm not going to hypo this hecate anything goes too fast. we are not trying to give anybody a hard time. we are saluting those who can move forward with democracy. we are encouraging the concept of a europe, whole and free and so we just welcome it. but i don't like to go into a lot of hypothesis about too much change or too rapid change or what i'd do what we would do if -- if something went wrong. we are not -- i think it's being handled by the west very well and certainly, you salute the people in east germany, gdr, who has aspirations for freedom seem to be a litt

powerful in committing increasingly bloody acts and the rest of europe -- risk of europe being affected is huge. we nevertheless must respect human rights because we need to retain the trust of our citizens in the eu democratic system. the eu has lost much of that confidence, however, because of its uncritical involvement in cooperation with the cia programs. we clearly have to put an end to these practices, which violate the values on which europe is. thank you. -- europe is built. thank you. >> i would like this opportunity to thank senator feinstein for her perseverance to see the report through before the change in the senate. because i think this reminds us, and she said it very rightly, that what sets a democracy apart from a dictatorship is accountability and moral authority. none of us are immune to these tendencies. we all have this kind of violence in us. but what makes us different is that we have accountability and there is no impunity in a democracy. and therefore i am very pleased to hear all colleagues and all political groups should insist on accountability and

. >> we have numbers breaking from europe's biggest closing retailers. how to they look? -- how do they look? >> they're giving us the numbers as a nine-month numbers, sales seem to be climbing and we are seeing an increase in their profitability, but not by much. only up 1%. another 6.9 billion euros just ahead of analyst estimates. stills a company that is seeing plenty of growth. the fourth quarter is off to a great start, they say sales are up 14% from november to december and suddenly it has turned cold and we are buying heavier coats from them. clearly this is a company that is exposed to areas of volatility in the foreign exchange. we think of japan and they are big and -- in russia. that means when you bring back sales home and convert that to euros, the profitability is not underge so it has been because of that but you have seen some issues about a warmer october than many had expected. >> it is hard to remember that now. >> 72% of their stores are in europe and it has been a warm autumn. >> very mild so we were not going out to buy coats and things, people were still buying t

of the most common diseases in europe, if you ask me today, -- theloneliness loneliness of those who have no .onnection with others this is especially true of the old and in the young, who lack their points of reference and opportunities for the future. poor also seen in the many who live in our cities and the lost gaze of the migrants who have come here seeking a better future. this loneliness has been made worse by the economic crisis, so it's effects continue, they will have tragic consequences on society. it can be seen, that as the european union has expanded, there has been a growing mistrust on the part of institutionsrd which they regard as aloof, engaged in laying down rules which they perceive as insensitive to individual people's concerns, if not actually harmful. in many quarters, we gain a general impression of weariness, asaging, of a europe grandmother, no longer fertile and lively. as a result, the great ideas which once inspired europe seem to have lost their power of attraction and been replaced by the bureaucratic technicalities of europe's institutions. this, come

sanctions could be scaled back. are we about to see a rift within europe on the sessions? >> hollande ahead of schedule. not to beginreed discussions about rolling back sanctions against russia until march. was if president hollande to get his way and the sanctions would be rolled back, that would not happen until july. the ones in place are there to the middle of the year. then it gets interesting. all of the eu's countries have to agree by consensus to extend them. that is perhaps were president hollande gets to fight the good fight. you can understand france's pain. they had to forgo that $1.2 billion sale to those two helicopters to russia. austria has been complaining about sanctions. they have huge exposure to russia. they, too, have been complaining. the german say, we, too, are suffering. you look at basf ripping up there asset swap deal with gaxpromm. that cost the company $300 million. yet, the the german chancellor says that we still have to stay the course when it comes to sanctions. too early to start discussing rolling them back. >> the backdrop for this event has been a

knack for turnaround. he has made no secret that he wants to be a top former in europe. is in the ad world and has run publicist for 30 years. read like a roll call of global giants. not hise biggest is ambition. he just wants to be the best. leaders, he our runs one of the world's biggest insurers. born in ivory coast and schooled in france, he embarked on a career in business. than politics and back again. 2014 -- how did you all live it? year for a difficult europe, there were disappointing figures on growth. the problem is unemployment. the saving of the antalya and italian families is important. year whereour first you are ceo and the share price went well. you came out well. are significant -- saving is the second in the world and italy. >> marius, you had a more difficult year. >> it was a year of all the dangers. it has been horrible. mergerto call back the with dominic, which was supposed number it the largest, one and everything that area of our business. do to the fact that we were focusing on the merger, we had a very bad year in terms of trading. all of this has been ver

anytime soon, and they have some dead overhang they have to address. in europe, the debate has generally been framed as austerity and prudence promote by the germans versus a desire for a looser set of fiscal policies among the southern countries. if you look, the truth is that spain, france, to a lesser extent italy, most of the big countries in the south have been engaging in serious structural reforms. they haven't done everything that they need to do in terms of providing labor flexibility, for example, but they are making strides in addressing many of those issues. but right now what you have is a environment in which the dangers of deflation and really weak demand in europe chronically, over a long period of time, i think, are the -- more significant than dangers of overheating economies and inflation in the european union. and we have -- i joke sometimes i am an honorary member of the european commission, and jack certainly is, tim geithner before him. we have spent a lot of time trying to manage through various crises that pop up in europe, and my concern is that becaus

elections. what this greece would mean for europe. >> announcer: you're watching "worldwide exchange," bringing you business news from around the globe. >> now, a press conference by airasia is under way after indonesian authorities confirmed bodies and debris from the flight have the spotted. these are live pictures you're seeing right now at the moment and we will bring you more from that press conference if and when we get them. for now, let's join martin sung who joins us from singapore airport. >> good morning, wilfred. we're monitoring that press conference. europe wakes up to extremely sad news out here in asia. we have confirmed reports that at least one body has been recovered from the search area by search and rescue teams and unconfirmed reports said several other bodies have been as well. these were of course a part of the 162 passengers and crew on board, airasia 8501 which went missing coming to 58 hours ago now. we have word from officials saying they are starting to shift body bags to the recovery area. the bodies that have been recovered so far have been transported

europe. i am going to try my best to get us even farther. i do want to thank the mcarthur memorial, also the hampton roads naval museum and old dominion to inviting me here. it is a personal honor and privilege for me and i think it is a personal honor and privilege for asia to be included on the program of world war i. thank you for that. you guys thought of it because you have mcarthur. i should have made my pilgrimage a long time ago. for us i do realize he is important in the first world war. for us we think of him as the asian general and one who was very much involved in the united states going global and going asia pacific in the 20th century. i think it is very apropo. i do want to speak of the larger issue of war in asia and why we should be worried about asia today. i think we will ultimately get there. just to begin here with my frame of some of you already know of what the japanese are up to during the war. this is one of the enterprises. we will get there in a second. it's not just the siberian intervention. so of course this is the usual map of the world war. it's oft

sort of steadily made our way outside europe. i am going to try my best to get us even farther. i do want to thank the mcarthur memorial, also the hampton roads naval museum and old dominion to inviting me here. it is a personal honor and privilege for me and i think it is a personal honor and privilege for asia to be included on the program of world war i. thank you for that. you guys thought of it because you have mcarthur. i should have made my pilgrimage a long time ago. for us i do realize he is important in the first world war. for us we think of him as the asian general and one who was very much involved in the united states going global and going asia pacific in the 20th century. i think it is very apropo. i do want to speak of the larger issue of war in asia and why we should be worried about asia today. i think we will ultimately get there. just to begin here with my frame of some of you already know of what the japanese are up to during the war. this is one of the enterprises. we will get there in a second. it's not just the siberian intervention. so of course this is the

europe are unhappy to see windfarms in their backyards. there is supposed to be solar energy and it is about to go belly up. >> the controversies with the windfarms have been resolved. germany no longer needs deserttech. there is an overcapacity of renewable energy on the energy market right now in germany. >> discussing going green. paul, thank you very much. there has been another shakeup in the energy sector. vladimir putin says that a gas line to europe is going to be scrapped. he said the pipeline can not proceed as long as bulgaria blocks it. >> he made a visit to turkey after talks with the president. he said that he would consider cooperating with turkey. >> the european council new president has spoken with obama. both leaders urged russia to pull back from the ukraine. this was after taking over the helm of the 28-nation bloc. >> he replaces the retiring belgian politician. at the ceremony, the new council leader warns of difficult times ahead, politically and economically. >> let's take a look. >> a changing of the guards in brussels. the first european council president and

people buy stocks. let's have a look at what it is doing to the rest of europe. we have bank of england coming out. the biooe decision. 12:45 is the ecb decision. in the moment, we are seeing british pound pretty flat. 1.5694. let's have a look at the euro. we are getting the euro pushing lower against the dollar on that hope that we will see yet more stimulus. that will be a boost to exporters if we start to see the euro trading lower. at the moment, ftse staying unchanged. 1.23 a seven is where we are at. is where we are at. u.s. jobless claims at 1:30 p.m. today. that will be moving the dollar slightly. let's look at the debt market. risk appetite clearly being showing here. borrowing costs coming down. borrowing costs going up for germany. if you are getting out of the havens, we see borrowing costs rise. german debtre the currently trades. money moving out of the havens, moving into equities. let's have a look at some of the key movers. particularly, focus on u.k. stocks. b-sky-b up 1.3%. sky plc nowadays. they've agreed to sell their controlling stake in an online betting

for the oil markets sometime soon. in terms of gas markets, we are seeing the same this time in europe. especially we see the gas security is a permanent and serious issue and putting these two things together, looking at the countries today, we see some tensions such as iraq other countries, libya, russia, ukraine, our first question, despite the slowdown in prices, prices coming down, despite the less tension visible today, oil and gas security will be crucial for the international policy agenda in the next years to come. the second point, which is stressed point in our system is about the climate change. we have mixed signals, we are getting mixed signals about climate change. of course one very good news, and i will talk about it in a minute, u.s.-china joint commitment in terms of reducing reducing -- following european's leaders having 40% reduction on the commitment. this of course is a good one but when we look at the numbers our report shows last year co2 emissions increased again 2.6% which puts the world perfectly in line with the temperature increase about 3.6 degrees celsi

marketplace is around 2.2 million units which makes it one of the biggest markets in europe. there is never a bad time to introduce great product into a marketplace so the plant we are just opening is introducing our echo sport which is a small suv perfectly suited for the russian marketplace and we want to serve our russian customers so as we look at the business want to make sure we are dealing with the is this environment and continue to work our plan and play through it because we think it is an important market going forward. >> you can join the conversation on twitter as the declining price of oil changed the amount you view to your car -- may be more in america because there is a bigger tax burden here -- anna @annaedwardsnews. >> coming up of the program today, mario draghi says the european central bank will have to do more to reach its balance sheet by the end of 2016, can he make it? ♪ >> time for company news. avenue home, the canary airbase to become the european house for the lockheed fighter brand. the united states has selected italy to be the service center for the

day. a professor of history at old oh dominion, a scholar of modern europe specializing in the history of modern italy, the jrÑ adriatic provinces and successor states. her most recent book this the fame of italy received the 2013 charles e. smith award from the european section of the southern historical association for the best book on european history. ladies and gentlemen, dr. hammitts. [ applause ] >> if i get away from the mic, give me a holler. i wanted to start by welcoming you quickly and to thank the macarthur memorial for the splendid partnership, the opportunity they have given us to partner with them. special thanks particularly to amanda williams and laura ore for their hard work in putting this together and thousands of hails this entailed. being asked to introduce world war 1 in 20 minutes is no small feat. i'm going to ask your forebearance while i give you glimpses of world war i and put dots in a pointalist pointing of world war i that will let my colleagues and others fill in over the next two days. i'm sorry. so i wanted to start with one of the things tha

save a lot of money. for example a cargo ship traveling between western europe and asia typically sails through the suez canal. coming this way shortens that travel by 40%. what russia needs now are arctic ports and lines of communication. it's a big reason why moscow recently unveiled an ambitious plan to build at least 13 new base and soviet outposts across the arctic. >> it would be trily beneficial for russia strategically in the sense that russia would control a key shipping artery for the global economy. >> spalbard which is under norwegian control provides. >> polar sea then of course we are placed in the center of that. >> driving down one of its only two roads, longyerbian has the look and feel of an alpine shipping resort. 59% of the ice has melted away since 1979. melting ice this the arctic, it's an ironic contrast to the new freeze in relations between russia and the west. a freeze that's steadily putting old cold warren miss on a path towards a new round of battles whose end game is less about ideology and more about economic control and financial supremacy. in just

europe. i'm going to try my best to get us even farther, if you don't mind. i do want to thank the macarthur memorial. also, the hampton roads naval museum and old dominion for inviting me here for this wonderful occasion. it is a personal honor and privilege for me, but i think it's also a personal honor and privilege for asia to be included on the program of world war i. thank you for that. and i think, you know, you guys thought of it, well, because you have macarthur. i hate to admit it, but this is the first time i've actually been to norfolk, although i made my pilgrimage to japan years ago.ne1qv general macarthur is dear to our hearts. important in the first world war. but for us, we think of him as the asian general, and one very much involved in the united states going global, and going asia-pacific in the 20th century. i think it's very a pvery aprop. i do want to speak of the larger issue of war and asia, and why we should even be worried about asia. today i think we'll ultimately get there. just to begin here with my frame of -- some of you already know of what the japa

beginning of what? upgrade experiments? inng qe and europe -- europe, i think i am right in your view it is not the same as doing qe in the united states of america. >> absolutely, because they are two different systems. the structural problems are different. i don't think you we can resolve on its own. i think you e is a powerful qel, particularly -- i think is a parcel tool, especially if it goes along with structural reforms -- is a powerful tool, especially if it goes along with structural reforms and other reforms. >> you can get the full interview in a special half-hour program coming up. the one thing i took away from that conversation was there is no one risk in markets that is going to cause issues. it could be a combination. you heard him talk about quantitative easing and how that differs. you heard him talking about how europe is going to have to get closer together. we had a chat about liquidity. he said ultimately bank customers are going to have to pay more. discussion.joyable >> did you deliberately choose to wear the same outfit? >> the producer and cliff jones -- bea

up by about 9 points. in europe in early trade this morning, already you see some strong gains both for germany and france. kashg up by 1.2%. and in asia overnight, the nikkei ended up slightly. hang seng up by 0.7%. oil prices, wti is below $67 a barrel. $66.33. if you thought it couldn't go lower, you were wrong. the bond market at this point has a yield on the ten-year. the dollar this morning, at least at this point, looks like -- it's up against the yen, up against the euro which is at 1. 1.236. a lot of talk, but not a lot of action. gold prices at this hour look down by about four bucks. >> before you go, howard shurlts, january 2008. >> oh, my god. so six years. >> six years. do you have the price? >> i do not have the price. and the big question once we do the math is going to be how did starbucks do relative to the market. they clearly outperformed the market in a major, major way. >> october 2008? what did you say, january 2008? >> they're continue to go drop. >> and i remember the narrative was that there are so many starbucks, that they're on adjacent corners so they're

year. it is a little bit better. it looks like things are improving for europe and it looks like a global growth will get better. ecb act see the decisively. you will see it be helpful. and, i think the euro will continue to come down. we have the euro falling. forecast a about the month ago and it has been revised. .> up, actually >> based on the fact that goldman thinks it is likely we will get qe from the ecb. how does that help the fundamentals? >> it is a signal, more than anything else. in terms of the economic impact, i think we are skeptical, like many others. it is a signal that will help markets. i think it will help keep the euro lower and will improve investment. at the margin, it will be an improvement. i think that european equities will respond. drop toan sachs will parodity. feed into the earnings? >> it is early to see it in earnings and a lot of companies hedge. they do not hedge all of the earnings. it will come through next year. you look at the european company sales and half are outside of the area. .e expect a transition benefit you translate that back and it

one-third of natural ga europe depends on russia for natural gas. they're bringing in euros, and bringing in different currencies. they're making a bigger margin than other currencies. that's one aspect. and then one thing that is truly forgotten here with with the russian national population, these sanctions against russia has really bolstered putin, who is a strong leader. if you understand russian history and leadership, peter the great, strong character, strong leaders. that's what people want and aspire to, and these sanctions have garnered up not only a popular vote for putin but closed russia close for china. all these things are going to backfire on these sanctions against russia. >> we'll be jumping off at just that point. we'll be back with "inside story" after a quick break. what the russian national economy do in relationship to its neighbors. is russia willing to play nice with the rest of the world? stay with us. >> al jazeera america presents >> somebody's telling lies... >> it looks nothing like him... >> pan am flight 103 explodes december 21st, 1988 was the righ

extravagant courts of late medieval europe. from their base in burgundy, by marriage and diplomacy, they acquired large areas of the netherlands to build an extensive, though fragmented state of vast wealth. in 1404, duke philip the bold died at the stag inn near brussels. 20 years earlier his royayal sculptors had begun work on philip's tomb. one of them carved these images of the funeral procession which transported his body back to burgundy. clothed in the habit of a carthusian monk philip's embalmed body was sealed in a lead coffin and carried in a funeral cortege whh took nearly seven weeks to wind the 250 miles from brussels to dijon. accompanied by his sons, his chaplains, and members of his royal court the hearse was drawn by six horses in black with the blue banners of burgundy fluttering at its corners. at dijon, it was received not only by the weeping clergy but by 100 chosen townspeople and 100 poor also clad in black at the duke's expense. as with the other great royal and ducal rituals of the later middle ages death itself could be turned into public theater. philip's tomb

. here in london. let's take a look at the europe 600 heat map. extending the rally that we have seen over the past couple of days. yesterday, the best one-day gain for european stocks in three years. a lot of that has to do with what's happening in global markets. in fact, yesterday the dow surging over 400 points, the best one-day gain for the dow since november 2011. we'll get to that in a second. let's focus on what's happening today in europe. diving into the individual markets, the ftse 100 up about 0.8%. the xetra dax up 0.53%, 52 points. 9,863. the german consumer sentiment number rising to its highest level in eight years. france, right now up 29 points. we'll be joined by stephane to look at some of the top stories there. but italy is not following the broader markets that we're seeing right now. italy trading down around 41 points in today's trade. currencies, a big discussion for markets right now, given the moves that we've been seeing. the russian ruble, we'll get to that in a second. first, let's start with the euro, which has been weakening against the u.s. dollar

that. certainly for europe and for the southern european economy necessary particular, they are net exporters of oil. as we've seen, only a little while ago. these are the most sort of fragile economies in europe with lots of structural challenges. so anything that eases the pressure on these economies will be a welcome evolution. >> the other thing was the bond market. significant yield compression across europe, yields at record lows. it does beg the question, what would be the point in outright qe in europe? >> i do agree with you. i think for a lot of people, they're looking to qe, they're looking to the ecb to stimulate the economy through the injection of liquidity. and there is actually a very low empirical evidence that that in itself is going to generate growth. what we need, really, for europe is continued reform, reform of intractable labor markets in a measure to encourage banks to lend. these are the things that are going to make a much more meaningful difference for the progress of europe. >> thanks so much. we'll be back in five or ten minutes' time. >>> the shanghai

anymore. he has been most recently with radio free europe, radio liberty. this publication list is, i've got to say, unmatched in its wide range of "the new republic," weekly standard, "the wall street journal," "the new york times," the "daily beast," the australian, it's really, really something. he we talked to a believe mostly about his views on europe at the moment. and then in cleanup, adding position, the fund of institute for secularization of islamic society and vice president of the world encounter institute. is written on all things about the koran, about second position of in-laws -- islam, but his own life is not about a muslim. and he's done a fundamentally important critique of the orientalism. and you can imagine from his work that he has concerns about his personal security. i would only say that his title, the drift in u.s. foreign policy may not be exactly on target because it could very well be, perhaps it is that the course of american foreign policy now is exactly president obama once it to be. it's not getting at all. that is not disengaged. is not incompetent. it'

-we need to stay a member of the european union and europe has to reform but it is the largest single market on our store that -- doorstep. >> the man who wants to run the british economy says the u.k. must they in the european union. the ruble's rocky ride what is in store for the currency in its biggest a forward and almost six years. that as economic ties with europe are beginning afraid. moscow has scrapped a major natural gas pipeline project opting to's ship more fuel to turkey. carpet,on the red models, designers and powerbrokers turnout for the british fashion awards. >> welcome to "countdown." it is 6:00 here in london on tuesday morning and a very good morning to you all. the man who could be the chancellor has been drawing up his economic battle lines. the u.k. opposition finance spokesman told francine lacqua a referendum on britain's membership of the eu would be a risk and that britain needs to stay in the european union. that our economy is growing in a strong and sustainable way and to do that we need to stay a member of the european union and europe has to refo

government, cfr, iran. we met in europe. i think even more often than in the united states. recent events in the middle east and eastern europe have changed the conversation in washington, and reinforced the importance of timely, accurate and appropriately disseminated intelligence analysis. very often it may seem the world of intelligence is distant from the policy realm, but as any strategist knows, the strategy is only as good as the intelligence is based on, looking from the case of wmds in iraq, the hunt for osama bin laden. you can list a lot of positive cases as well. the next landmark global trend 2030 report forecasts that we are living in a world of rising state actors and revisionist powers. i think we're all seeing that accelerating faster than we thought it would. in fact, i think that's one of the most interesting findings of the global trends reports is they've underestimated the pace of change. so, with that as prelude, we have the pleasure of welcoming a thought leader tackling these issues, dr. gregory f. treverton. greg treverton, the newly appointed chairman of the counci

forget their colonies. this was a reminder that germany was finding not just for its territory in europe, but also its holdings in africa. and then there's a pin here to show solidarity with the combatants. a little pin ofants a german he, which a person could wear in order to signify their loyalty to the war effort.s one theme that was really representative in the madison collections was anti-german propaganda. and a lot of this in the u.s. a focused on thelo german invasio of france by way of belgium.invi in this case, we have, once again, the idea that germany has violated belgian neutrality, and that's indicated in this pamphlet, a knife stabbing through the german treaty with . belgium. also, we have a couple of nice images. so for example, this image from reality, in which the germans from the zeppelin are bombing two belgian children on a n and country road and calling it mi military necessity. and then this pamphlet that was given out in new york, thousandy of little children of france arg crying to you to save them from german frightfulness. here the idea is, again, that germany

schneider of yale wrote that ukraine has no history without europe but europe also has no history without ukraine. throughout the centuries, the history of ukraine revealed the turning points in the history of europe. this seems to be true today. now, looks like both you and tim schneider are talking about the same thing and the stakes are pretty high, aren't they? >> they certainly are. as you know, the united states in a bipartisan fashion for 25 years has worked for a europe whole, free, and at peace. today the number one battleground for that aspiration is in ukraine. and the way ukraine goes will impact not only the neighborhood and the space between ukraine and the european union and nato space, but i think will also have an impact on the kind of future that the people of russia can have. so it is profoundly in the united states' interest that ukraine succeed in its aspiration to be democratic, to be more prosperous to be unified, to be more european, to integrate with our economies and to beat the cancer of corruption that has plagued it for so long. and that is why we are putting

for the day. europe's qe as economy falters. sovereign qe seems to be imminent. better late than never or a little too late? we will get an site into mario draghi's next move. a couple of exclusive interviews. pulse."p on "the ♪ >> good morning. welcome back everybody. the markets this morning. let's show you what has been going on. emerging markets are being hit overnight. dubai,i off 5% per year 5%. athens, absolutely pummeled samaras after called a snap presidential election. we will watching that story. the markets fluctuate. at one point, down 7% in advance. european equities are trading lower. underheless, equities are a little bit of pressure. what does it mean if you're a big asset manager? a couple of you exclusive interviews. blackrock ceo. theave been speaking about markets in europe. both spoke about the need for form. let's start in your. he started by telling markets editor manus cranny about what he has learned in the past three years. when an setting and executing the strategy, the last five or six years of this environment from a macro standpoint of view talk m

counter them. s experts came from the u.s., europe, and asia. they're part of a computer security network that aims to use its skills for the good of society. a south korean engineer explained about how small remotely controlled drones are especially vulnerable. they're often used by the military and tv crews. he said certain drones have flaws in their communications software that puts them at risk of being infected by viruses that could take control of the craft. he also said hackers could spread viruses to remotely controlled helicopters or invade wireless networks to attack other computers. the swedish engineer said tvs, game consoles, and other home appliances connected to the internet, should be protected by security patches. >> translator: when equipment is linked to an online network, it's easy for hackers to access other people's devices. >> she said these problems should be tackled by society, as a whole. >>> scientists at japanese research institute riken gave a discredited biologist one last chance. they allowed haruko obokata to try to verify the exist end of what was

fall of the wall and the liberation of eastern europe. let me start with a broad question. when did you feel certain that the wall would fall? even if you didn't know when. what was that moment when you are sure? >> i am not sure i could pinpoint a moment. i mean, as far as i was concerned, it came as somewhat surprise that it happened sso quickly. we do know that things are moving in that direction. a lot of east germans were going hungry. -- going to gry hungary. the wall had been circumvented, not breached. so it looked like things were going in that direction and, of had gone to achev early october and said -- policy for east germany is set in berlin, and not in moscow. a pretty poor signal that they were willing to cut them loose. that they were not going to use to maintain the empire in force in central and eastern europe, pparticularly with respect to the gdr. so i think those events, at me to think that it was very possible that it was coming, but we did and, as far have any concerned, concrete sense that it would happen with the dead. >> i would say that it really event in

wall and american involvement in eastern europe's liberation. this 30 minute event was hosted by the bush school of government and public service in college station, texas. >> welcome to all of you. we've done this sort of thing before. i will ask you questions and you will say whatever you don well please. we are very honored to have you here as we commemorate the historic 25th anniversary of the fall of the wall and the opening of eastern europe. when did you feel certain that the wall would fall even if you didn't know when? what was that moment when you were sure? >> i'm not sure i could pinpoint a moment. as far as i was concerned, it came as somewhat of a surprise that it happened so quickly. we did know things were moving in that direction. a lot of east germans were going to hungary and then hungary was letting them go through to austria. so the wall had been circumvented, not breached, perhaps. it looked like things were going in that direction. gorbachev had gone to berlin in early october and said the policy for east germany was set in berlin, not moscow. they were wil

principles in europe and if they didn't crack down, we could resist in the name of an international agreement. i do not pretend that we foresaw the way courageous people inside poland and czechoslovakia those principles but the strategy we had was to weaken the soviet control by making conduct an international issue and that, of course, the long-term strategy there was to separate the east european countries from the soviet union and i think nixon was the first president to systematically -- he went to romania, yugoslavia and poland. i don't think any president had gone to eastern europe before. and that was certainly a way, in our mind, of weakening soviet control. >> why do you think it was so hard to persuade particularly people in the republican party of the -- of that logic? why was it so hard to sell that idea domestically? >> well, the strange thing -- a strange thing happened in this period. not just in the republican party. the democrats had been lacerating nixon for hard line policies and then detente came along and then one could not avoid the impression that some democra