countries. we saw there was no future for the people of europe other than as a union. this became clear shortly afterwards. small countries played a significant role in development of europe. 1950's, -- was an important architect of integration also played a significant role in creating the european coal and steel community, and holding the missing a conference in sicily. -- macina conference in sicily. 1955, the leading british politician dismissed this by saying they were sadly taking part in archaeological excavations. these excavations then went on to provide the foundation for the treaty of rome. we can see the strength of the european legacy. they had a vision for reconciliation and integration in europe that was so important we can see this in the work of helmut kohl and his belief as well. the importance of the quality among smaller countries as well. we can see this through the vision who believed they needed to be a deeper meaning to europe, a soul for europe. otherwise the project would fail. he worked in creating a single currency for europe, the euro, and that is a signific

people in europe other than in the union. and this became clear shortly afterwards. small countries played a significant role in the development of europe. during the 1950s, an important architect also played a significant role in creatinging the european, coal and steel community and by holding the conference in is sicily. when asked about the presence of european politicians who had this meeting in 1965, a leading british politician dismissed this by saying that they were simply taking part in archeological excavations. however, these excavations went on to provide the foundation for the treaty of rome. we can see the strength of the european legacy. they had a vision that was so important. we can see this in the work of helmet cole and his believes as well. he saw the importance for quality among smaller countries as well. we can also see this through the vision who believes there needs to be a deeper meaning to europe, a soul for europe, otherwise it whole project would fail. he worked in creating a single currency for europe, the euro and that is a very significant legacy. his

deal. he was willing to accept soviet .omination in eastern europe in addition to this political possessedfdr, who enormous self-confidence, acted on his hunch that stalin suffered an inferiority complex. roosevelt tried to play up to pride and fear of humiliation. quite different was harry truman. only days after he became ,resident a barbarian invasion of europe europe that set off alarm bells for truman, who like reading history, and had read a lot about genghis khan hearin. truman already regarded the russians semi-asiatic. truman, who was anxious to show he was man enough to be president replied he was not afraid of the russians, nor of anyone else. such emotional reactions and associations alone did not tough.truman to talk these kinds of reactions probably influenced the president's behavior in the short and long run. asman viewed the russians inferior to americans because, racially, they were a mix of tartars, models and slots, as he put it. tartars, mongols, and sloth s, as he put it. september 1945, a deeply conservative secretary of war was appalled and frightened by i

of the parliamentary assembly of the council of europe an organization which is seventy years old but virtually unknown but one but just fundamentally changed the lives of tens of millions of european citizens and changed them for the better this organization indeed the whole continent to europe doesn't have its problems to see just not so the council of europe at its best days behind it are of the greatest achievements still to come out of the calmly just world war the council of europe was formed to pull the human rights and the rule of international law it has forty seven member states eight hundred twenty million people and the operates on a budget of approximately half a billion euros senator i was merely hichens represents you the pin women's lobby in social economic issues in brussels she also happens to be the daughter of irish looked at on the president michael d. higgins senator higgins we're here in the parliamentary assembly of the council europe i mean many people point to something really obvious abuses of the convention by by members of this parliamentary assembly by co

decisions to have panna european elections in your opinion as united states of europe what you are aiming for when you are bringing your country to the european union no i i don't think that that is the right call in these circumstances and i think we need a stronger european union but it's very important that the union will and i was very carefully what are those areas where integration these are really needed and economic growth potential creation of common market seen real single market it's not yet fully completed environmental protection. and security matters in a broad sense i think that in these areas the european union can play a major role and it's needed to small countries especially in europe they need to scale and the european union can provide that scale that force the reason why finland decided to join also single gabrial said that in order for europe to become politically stronger it needs to be even stronger in order to become more cyber and in that case to come i mean seven from russia's opinion from china as a painting from united states opinion do you feel like b

them for the better. now this organization indeed the whole continent of europe doesn't have its problems to see just not so the council of europe at its best days behind it are the greatest achievements still to come out of the calmly just world war the council of europe was formed to pull the human rights and the rule of international law it has forty seven member states congress eight hundred twenty million people and the law puts on a budget of approximately half a billion euros sounds to me hichens represents european women sloppy in social economic issues in brussels she also happens to be the daughter of irish looked at on the president michel de hichens some of the higgens were here in the the parliamentary assembly of the council europe when many people point to some truly obvious abuses of the convention by by members of this parliamentary assembly by countries which are membership do you think that these breaches a huge problem or do the breaches illustrate that least there is a code which people have to operate i do believe that it is under challenge and it is under e

forum to call for the rebirth of multi-lateralism and a stronger europe and had an humphrey in davos and i'll have more coming up. also happening in this hour because incursion into syria i'm cursed steps up the pressure and it's five clear kurdish militias away from to its border with syria president heard about says he will extend the offensive. look at the human cost of jihad this daughter left home to join the islamic state you harvests for years on how mother in chechnya fears she'll never return. acute water a strong grip south africa's kc region has been no rain now for more than two years and none is forecast for months. until go welcome to the program. europe has taken center stage at the swiss alps today with speeches from the continent's heavyweights as i went back and spoke earlier in the day but it was felt as emmanuel mark who had the headline slot it told the world economic forum the globalization how to ensure prosperity for all classes of society. to declaw that is the nation in general is going through a major crisis and this global challenge requires for sure a collect

deadliest year on record for migrants and refugees attempting to get into europe. over five thousand people died between libya and italy or tacky and greets. the following film was fast broadcast in two thousand and seven well before today's conflicts in the middle east. then many european migrants were using another less publicized route to a better life. this is the southernmost outpost of for chris europe. yet it's on mainland africa opposite the straits of gibraltar. the mediterranean enclave assailant's is one of the last vestiges of spanish rule in northern morocco. it's been european for more than five hundred years and madrid insists it will never relinquish control of. the. recent visit by the spanish monarch highlighted the ongoing tension over the status and future of soda. spain has also cordoned it off from playing comparison with another war in another place so here we are in. but i see that. the list of. what about. the crossing between morocco and spain has become a magnet for tens of thousands of workers and migrants legal and illegal. but this is the back door into the pro

bring coffee it's good to have you with us europe has taken is center stage in the swiss alps today with speeches from the continent's political heavyweights germany's angela merkel spoke earlier in the day but it was france's president emanuel who had the headliner spot now he told the world economic forum that globalization has to ensure prosperity for everyone for all classes in society. let is not be native to declare that is asian in general is going through a major crisis and this global channel is required for sure a collective thought from international organizations states companies civil society. in order to find and implement solutions weigel america meanwhile she made the case for close european ties as well as for more free trade or warning against rising economic nationalism it comes just a day before u.s. president double trouble is due to arrive in davos and it was a welcome break for the chancellor amid all of the political gridlock right here in berlin the german chancellor speech marked her return to the world stage after months of political limbo at home in germa

welcome and the second day of the world economic forum europe was under spotlight the leaders like angela merkel in madrid mccall and the king of spain addressed the davos crew and made it clear that a challenging times for the e.u. there's still a common base european heads of government were met by bright sunshine in davos on wednesday it seemed to underline their optimism they say europe has recovered from its economic crisis and is doing well germany france italy and spain are united in their push for globalization and against protectionism. we believe we have to cooperate and that protectionism is not the right answer. and we believe that if we share the opinion that things are not being done fairly and the neck and isn't aren't reciprocal then we should look for my to that resolutions and not unilaterally on its. own when he let the. chancellor merkel's italian counterpart college into loney is even more explicit about u.s. president donald trump's policies i could say italy first why not but at the end of the day what we need is if we have if we want to have economic growth

room was packed ears and eyes open today as europe takes center stage in the swiss alps speeches from the continent's heavyweights top the agenda germany's angela merkel spoke earlier in the day but it was france's in. the headlines slot he told the world economic forum globalization has to ensure prosperity for everyone and for all classes in society. that has not been native to diggle that is a nation in general is going through a major crisis and this global challenge requires for sure a collective thought from international organizations states' companies civil society. in order to find and implement solutions and now to the other in europe's power couple angle americal she made the case for closer european ties as well as more free trade are warning against rising economic nationalism came a day before u.s. president all the trouble is due to arrive in dog it was a welcome break for the chancellor amid political gridlock here in berlin. the german chancellor speech marked her return to the world stage after months of political limbo at home in germany her address focused on your

followede has through on many of the threats he has made, it has caused many people in europe to question the united states' commitment to europe and the nato alliance. and it is very problematic i would say for people in europe, whocially western europe, support the trans-atlantic relationship and wanted to continue. which is most people in germany. matthew: u.s. mainstream people in germany, with the spd and the social democratic which is mostn germany. party -- we need to rethink this relationship and look at our options. it has put wind in the sales to people who might be skeptical about the relationship with america to begin with. anna, this is one of your special fields. as i agree that he is erratic and -- in the foreign-policy area, we do see some continuities and coherence. the ideologies have been coherent. we see that in the policies -- input out by mcmaster the washington post, they are portraying the world as an arena of competing actors. they have been looking at the world like that ever since. it also shows the international security strategy. this is how he looks

boss. ♪ guy: 16 minutes until the start of cash trading in europe. keep an eye on the tech sector and semiconductors. attention tor tri europe. and of course, the constitutional crisis in catalonia. the single currency is now the highest level against the dollar in almost three years. this has the ecb meeting tomorrow. but germany remains without a government and italian elections loom. what direction will be euro area take in a year? let's find out. angie: joining you from a cold, but sunny davos. groupesident of the euro joins us, who is also the finance minister of portugal. seems to be focus on president trump. and then the positive story is what is coming out of europe. that growth will be sustained. the picture seems a lot rosier. do you worry there will be a bumpy ride for europe, and that people are too optimistic? >> thank you for having me. put moree, we have than 7 million pounds into our economy. iings are looking good and think they will continue to be like that. we have been able to show a lot of resilience to external shock. we have to continue our agenda, completin

analysts beginning with matthew carney the chief europe correspondent out of politico and matthew argues that it might be tempting to dismiss donald trump as a clown without a coherent agenda but that he says would be a mistake also with us is christiane i'm i am very familiar face from german t.v. a r d network she believes crazy or not trump is divisive and destructive but worse still are the people who are letting him get away with it she said she smiles to found a warm welcome to our bright opinion editor with berlin starkest the good newspaper and a contributing writer for the new york times and it says u.s. foreign policy under trump is not beyond reason and it's probably not really trumps only foreign policy. interesting i look forward to talking about that but first of all honor let's talk about this book fire and fury from michael wolff about goings on in the white house about the president you as somebody who is a sort of a keen student of u.s. politics i'm eager to. what you have to say about this book well it's entertaining and a terrible way as the whole trump preside

talk to finland's former prime minister about europe's future role in global politics. welcome to sophie and sophie shevardnadze calls for european reform grow in response to rising skepticism as to block able to stay united and take care of itself i ask finland's former prime minister ask. the european dream of a continent a liberal order is faltering economic inequality comes instead of common prosperity political bickering and resistance to your grass is stalling common decisions and the common foreign policies for you into foreign solutions to global problems what happened to the european vision will the union prove to be resilient and adjust to the challenges. it will crumble bearing dreams of a united europe with. mr howard thank you very much for being with us today so much to discuss regarding europe and what's going on in the european union right now so you were actually instrumental in bringing your country to the european union and you are a very pro e.u. figure. lately we have high profile voices for instance germany sigman gabrial. care they're actually calling to set

help young man from islamic or african countries get settled in europe and to accept their religion and culture for this reason and german citizen who has lived here forever is being ignored and in the case of facebook or twitter it works like this they censor all critical statements even though they are consistent with the real situation of course it runs against the mainstream political line in germany for this reason the try to silence all critics of the german government's asylum policy. the us ambassador to the un nikki haley claims the trump administration's policy in afghanistan is working with peace closer than ever however the un recently reported almost half a million paper. were displaced in the country and twenty seventeen alone here are some of the latest pictures from afghanistan. the u.s. policy on afghanistan is working. hard just over the border down we are all were victims of the bombing is on going are on a lot of houses have been destroyed several villages about six to seven thousand displaced families are living in this camp. but i think. we're closer to talks w

happens with the euro. it'll be interesting to see how that trade throughout the day as 's in europe -- as bonds ine europe selloff. we see the french curve. we have belgium and austria with a lot of incredible action across europe. you will see pretty much across the entire curve of. the metals complex is strongly bid in asia overnight with etc., pushing higher this morning. i will that rippled through into the european miners, and into the ftse 100? i think that will be one of the more interesting stock stories we have to focus on. let's get a bloomberg first word news update with juliette saly. juliette: theresa may is fighting on multiple fronts today as critics insider governing conservative party end plans forp brexit and premiership. fire philipd to hammond, who they believe is plotting to deny them the clean, quick break they want. even donald trump has been critical of the handling of brexit, saying he would have taken a "tougher stance with the eu." meanwhile, the leader of the opposition party has raise the issue of a another vote on brexit. >> what we asked for and parlia

america first today europe added its voice admitting globalization is in crisis and that the response must be more us and less me i burned off in berlin this is the day. i met my first missy he said france is back france is back it's a call for europe. because we would never have any friends success without a european success figure out an absolute we believe isolation will get us nowhere we believe we have to cooperate and that protectionism is not the right answer let us not be naive to the globalization in general is going through a major crisis good on which we should look for multilateral solutions and not unilateral ones. all nerds can shift into do we need definitely less arms and more brains than educated people if the style them all here it's about creating a true social market economy as we would say in germany then worldwide cooperation will move out of it if i can for the united states is now concentrating more on itself this must lead us to the conclusion that we need to take on more responsibility and obviously and fourth and you didn't invite me. anybody being skeptical

fresh elections in europe's largest economy and lead the nation so our question here on quadriga this week is waiting for germany new government in sight and to discuss that question i'm joined here in the studio by three excellent observers and analysts beginning with various klute editor in chief of hundreds perhaps global and andreas says another grand coalition would alienate even ball voters support german democracy into coma he says well also with us is derek scally who writes for the irish times he believes that with this grand coalition of. germany's social democrats have signed their own death warrant strong stuff and a very warm welcome to transcode group and also a correspondent for the french weekly magazine one who. argues that the european project needs the grand coalition french president your mother or my craw these she says she's still waiting for an answer from. ok let's begin with you i'd like to begin with the headline story here for months so most of past sins germany's inconclusive election last september still no government in place here in berlin this is n

the program europe took center stage in the swiss alps today with speeches from the continents have you rights germany's i'm going to machall spoke earlier in the day but it was france's emanuel mccraw who had the headline spot he's just been talking about how globalization can be used to ensure prosperity for all classes in society has just been talking about how globalization can be used to ensure prosperity for all classes in society. for sure with their votes when you look outside specially coming. and arriving in this in this village in this building it's i mean it could be hard to believe in global warming. obviously and fourth and the you didn't invite. anybody skeptical with global warming this year. i'm going merkel meanwhile maybe case for free trade and close the european ties her warning against rising economic nationalism comes the day before u.s. president trump is due to arrive is expected to defend his america first promises germany wishes to be a country that would lend its contribution also in future to solve the problems of the world together we think that shuttin

absolutely but i don't believe that they are able to create any kind of alternative for europe. so i feel like all that we just talked about the turn it forces to black said it has created sort of a tough consultation between the pro e.u. faker's forest as martin schultz says of european constitutional treaty should we propose to member states and those who refuse to sign should just leave european union i mean do you feel like this sort of a stick before the carrot approach will help consolidate european union i don't believe in that and i think mr should should ask why his party. it was not that popular in germany i think that that is my personal opinion that europe should analyze very carefully why we had these difficulties we faced and actually why europe as well is coming out of that crisis now if you look at the last three four years the us open economies have been growing faster than the united states since two thousand and fourteen the e.u. had a economic growth rate has been higher than in the u.s. and it's not for coincidence it's because of the fact that we have made certa

i am. i am. i am. this is the video is coming to you live from berlin europe comes under fire for its human rights record human rights watch slams the e.u. poison efforts to keep out migrants but there's some traces of those taking a stand against populism all of this succeeded and the loss of rights groups of the european director those are coming up or indeed on who goes all high on one of them got to go home states that voted donald trump into the white house as he approaches one year in office do this still believe used of right man to lead america. because of joining into the longest underwater kiva on the planet we travel down to east to mexico for a new look into it submerged cabins in the building traces of ancient civilization the. color of a will welcome to you i'm. e.u. has been slammed for its treatment of migrants and asylum seekers a new human rights watch report highlights europe's efforts to prevent fresh arrivals in two thousand and seventeen and it criticizes the union for its reliance on known e.u. countries to stem the flow of people reaching europe the number

reform is a big deal for barclays says the bank's ceo jes staley saying yus europe will need to keep up to stay competitive >> on one level it's clearly changed or will change the dialogue around how countries are coordinating globally both in terms of how to deal with business as a function of r regulation and tax. >>> and diageo sales up. >> diageo's strength is about top-line growth and efficiency i call it the perfect blend. >>> i'm akiko fujita live in davos. we have heard from u.s. treasury secretary steve mnuchin again saying he thought his comments on the dollar were clear he said he is not concerned with the greenback levels short-term. this after the dollar fell further against the euro on his opening comments in davos, saying that he supported a weaker currency. geoff will speak to the treasury secretary on a panel, the remaking of global finance at the forum today, which also includes philip hammond, larry fink, and christine lagarde. you will want to tune in to that that kicks off at 11:00 a.m. local time our u.s. colleagues sought to get clarification from wilbur ross as w

spain's king philip of delivered a message that increasingly puts europe at all of the united states that the e.u. is open for business and wants to preserve free trade a sunny day in davos as europe takes center stage king philippe the sixth of spain began proceedings campaigning for european unity not so long after his country was a symbol of the deep economic divide spreading through the e.u. three. in short we can state that spain now has a very competitive economy and represents an outstanding investment opportunity despite being a cause for concern in their european union just a few years ago today spain is driving growth and making a positive contribution to the consultation and strengthening of the european union europe is open to all that's the message the spanish king was trying to send especially to those who are decidedly more inward looking like the u.s. delegation which arrived to head as president donald trump who is due later but the country's treasury secretary is already laying the groundwork for his boss. can be terrific when we have a great story to tell wh

on the future of europe and digital innovation. she spoke about the need for european countries to be at the forefront of technology, and the discuss of populism. [applause] chancellor merkel: my colleagues, ladies and gentlemen, let me say i am delighted to be back in davos. let me remind all of us that, 1918, 100 years ago, the first world war came to an end, which is called the seminal catastrophe of the 21st century. even worse catastrophes were to follow. in a way, the political act is a -- almost sleepwalked into a her -- into a harangued a situation. we today, 100 years later, have to ask ourselves, when we have less and less people who have actually witnessed this time of the second world war, we have to ask ourselves how we learned the lessons of history? i think we haven't. this generation, born after the second world war, one has to prove that we have truly learned the lessons. the lessons were of cooperation. a quarter of a century later, we have the end -- the cold war, the splitting of the world into two blocks. but then this was overcome. this opened up an opportunity.

europe's largest economy and lead nation, so our question on "quadriga," is waiting fo "waiting for germany: new government in sight?." i am joined by three excellent observers and analysts, beginning with andreas kluth. andreas says another grand coalition would alienate even more voters and put german democracy into a coma. , whous is derek scally writes the irish times. he writes with this grand coalition agreement, germany's social democrats have signed their own death warrant livestrong stuff. and a very warm welcome to pascale hugues. argues the european the grandeds coalition. in manual macron is, she says, still waiting for an answer from berlin. i would like to begin with the headline story here. germany's and conclusive election. still, no government in place in berlin. this is not what we expect from germany, is it? pascale: no, it isn't. the germans want stability, they want continuity, they don't want any starman's. they want something very secure and very quickly secure. we have this to and fro. the whole thing starts again from scratch, so it is very surprising. and t

european relationships. and china china. all unification we support the unification of the europe europe and we are confident with the future of europe. we are. willing to work together with the europe to deepen our relationships and our mutual when going for cooperation and will push forward china europe europe peace revolution reform culture. strategic partner construction much we were expected was we respond we hope with french we will be playing more vital role in unification to europe and we will be working together with french to support. to achieve that and finally thank the journalist who worked for your concerns for your interest in sewing to the china and french aleutian we wish you the new year a smooth and more prosperity. thank you thank you she is in paying their just summing up the two days of talks and the beijing relationship between china and france are they going to be wed hold together on the one belt one road project that's listen to what michael has to say still ladies and gentlemen i should just like to thank the president and the chinese authorities for the

fashion by china russia and donald trump's america first today europe added its voice admitting globalization is in crisis and that the response must be more us and less me i bring this is the day. i made my first mistake he said france is back france is back it's a call for europe. because we would never have any friends subsist without a european success you call them the opposite we believe isolation will get us nowhere we believe we have to cooperate and that protectionism is not the right answer if lead has not been made to globalization in general is going through a major crisis that on which we should look for multilateral solutions and not unilateral ones that. our words can shift and to do we need definitely less on's and more brains than it to get the people in the style i'm all here it's about creating a true social market economy as we would say in germany then worldwide cooperation with some of it captain if i had it in front of the united states is now concentrating more on itself this must lead us to the conclusion that we need to take on more responsibility obvio

here like you would in the u.s. but the complacency here is quite staggering. the rest of europe is waiting for germany and they are sitting, studying their own belly buttons, picking out a bit of fluff day by day. this is not a way to be the largest power in europe. anchor: what you say, andreas, about this? this has become a bit of a platitude to say that germany is a well read a democracy these days, that it is pretty unshakable as a democracy. can it be shaken by this crisis? andreas: no, i don't think the specter of y marr is upper -- weimar is appropriate. nothing will shake germany because weimar introduced a constitution that gave germany powers, actual powers. he was quite stern. he forced his own party, the social democrats, that into these talks with angela merkel after the social democrats had on election night ruled it out. nothing will shake democracy of germany. i think it is a lot overblown. the country is very complacent. that is the risk. the grand collision would make it worse. the country is currently running fantastically well with unbelievably low unemployment

being rejected and that could in turn trigger more uncertainty and even fresh elections in europe's largest economy and lead the nation so our question here on quadriga this week is waiting for germany new government in sight and to discuss that question i'm joined here in the studio by three excellent. analysts beginning with andrea skloot editor in chief of hundred smart global and andreas says another grand coalition would alienate even ball voters support german democracy into coma he says well also with us is derek scally who writes for the irish times he believes that with this grand coalition agreement germany social democrats have signed their own death warrant strong stuff and a very warm welcome to japan and also a correspondent. for the french weekly magazine left point pascoe argues that the european project leads the grand coalition french president of money were micro in st so he's still waiting for an answer from me. ok pascale about to begin with you i'd like to begin with the headline story here for a moment so almost have passed since germany's inconclusive electio

worst storm to hit northern europe in a decade hurricane frederick that killed at least twelve people eight of them in germany insurers here estimate the storm cost some five hundred million euros worth of damage. that the president abdel fatah el-sisi says he'll run for a second term in office in a more to life than is widely expected to win the first round despite challengers have been critical of his repressive rule since taking power in two thousand and fourteen sisi has led an unprecedented crackdown on his political opponents and. i mean it court has sentenced the man who sold a pistol to the gunman in the city's twenty sixteen mass shooting men was identified only as phillip k. and was found guilty of involuntary manslaughter he's been sentenced to seven years in prison it made it to selling the weapons and the eighteen year old gunman who killed nine people before killing himself. the political fate of germany's chancellor angela merkel could be decided this weekend and not by the voters or even her own party but by her potential coalition partners on sunday leader of the soci

touched upon saying europe for that matter needs to get its act together needs to form economic union needs to come up with a coherent common european foreign policy needs to strengthen its borders its its external border it's on the one hand but also needs to be open to collaboration with. europe countries beyond europe sporters so it has been a wide range of topics that the german chancellor touch upon but she says we need to learn our lesson from history and we need to show that we have learned this lesson and of course he was touching on the overarching theme off this summit which is creating a shared a future and a fraction well do you think what she said actually met the expectations of the delegates at the world economic forum in davos. yes i believe so because she was not only focused on germany or on a specific economic topic for that matter she did touch several issues as i mentioned economic issues political issues the topic of foreign policy and i think it is it is a coherent approach it is a common approach that people want to hear about here and it will be interesting to

i am. sure this is due to the news coming to you live from berlin europe comes under fire for its human rights record human rights watch slams the e.u. for its efforts to keep agressor jews but there's some truth to those taking a stand against populism others exceeding the rights groups european director also coming up. they've been treated entirely it's a bombastic boasts and shadowed norms the world has experienced a new one europe donald something the white house and what the bo dick says it depends on who you are ask. us a journey into the longest underwater caves on the planet so we traveled down to east to mexico for i'm looking dude deb's revealing clears up an ancient civilization that wants to read supreme. being. or an. how to live on the touchy about a very warm welcome to you. the e.u. has been slammed for its treatment of refugees and asylum seekers the new human rights watch report highlights europe's efforts to prevent fresh arrivals in two thousand and seventeen and it criticizes the union for its reliance on non countries to stem the flow of people reaching europ