. >>> restoration at thomas jefferson's monticello is uncovering the story of sally hemmings and other slaves who lived, worked and died at the third president's plantation. up next from american history tv's american artifacts, a behind-the-scenes look at the restoration work and we hear the stories that have been revealed. this is an hour and 45 minutes. >> so if you had visited monticello 20 years ago, you would have seen jefferson's neoclassical villa. but what we wanted to do is change that. we wanted to restore the landscape of slavery. because if you had come up this mountaintop in jefferson's time, first thing you would have seen most likely would have been enslaved people. there would have been no place on this mountain top slavery wasn't visible. and we want to restore that, make that known to visitors who come here today. so we're now in the middle of re-creating or restoring dwellings along mull berry row, that man plaination street, as well as rooms attached to the house just behind us. so all of this is part of an effort to sort of shift the focus away from just jefferson and talk a

future of energy in the navajo nation. plus, telling monticello's history beyond thomas jefferson. new exhibitions reveal the complex legacy of sally hemings anslavery in early america >> we as americans don't address some of the more complex issues of slavery, of sex, of power, of ownersp. and that is what is really interesting about sally hemings and her story >> woodruff: all that and more on tonight's pbs newshour. >> major funding for the pbs newsur has been provided by: >> knowledge, it's were innovation begins.us it's what leado discovery and motivates us to succeed. it's why we ask the tough questions and what leads us to the answers. at leidos, we're standing behind >> babbel. a language app that teaches real-life conversations in a new language. >> supporting social entrepreneurs and their solutions to the world's most pressing problems-- skollfoundation.org. >> the lemelson foundation. committed to improving lives through invention, in the u.s. and developing countries. on the web at lemelson.org. >> supported by the johne . and cather macarthur foundation. committed to buil

those children were freed. the sally hemmings and john is jefferson -- thomas jefferson controversy is one that has been going on for over 200 years. but one thing we really want to do now with the current initiatives we are embarking here in the mountaintop is focus on sally hemmings herself. we want to divide her from thomas jefferson and that controversy, and really focus on her as a person. s 200 year thi debate or discussion, she has been a foil for jefferson. she has never been in her own light, and we want to restore her humanity. so we are standing inside of the space that we will be interpreting as valley hemmings -- sally hemmings' quarter. we believe it was this one or the one to the west. you can imagine her here with her children, sewing clothes or cooking the last meal of the day, or sitting around and sharing stories of their day as well as their past. typical family activities would have gone on in this space. behind me, what you see is the restoration of monticello's the south wing. the wing was built in 1802, so it held a lot of domestic service spaces, as well as

from thomas jefferson's monticello. there is good documentary of corroborating that. lots of ceramics and wine bottles which are the container of the day. before plastic bottles, glass, wine type bottles were used over and over again for all types of liquid storage and transport. lots of those. some ceramics, which is interesting. that will tell us what the monroes were eating off of, the dishes they used. it is always an exciting moment to see the consumer choices they made. the house continues behind me here and probably goes under the 1870's house that belongs to the massey family. it continues probably 20 feet or so underneath the house. that was probably severely impacted by the construction in the 1870's. otherwise, the part of the house that is not covered by that is really well preserved. it is an archaeological treasure that i am really eager to get into. james monroe is an interesting character. he is maybe the most popular president of his time, and one that is least known today. we have a great challenge and create opportunity to share his story. james monroe purchased the

suggesting that the manyusion is that i think of the things that thomas jefferson, thomas payne, and james monroe fought against during their political career had now come about, especially there are signs of oligarchical control in america. that is what jefferson feared would be the result of alexander hamilton's economic policies. ift i was suggesting is that they could come back and all of them, thought there was an afterlife, so if they could come america today, and see that the most important play on broadway, now and for the past several years is a play that lionize his alexander -- alexander hamilton, and vilifies jefferson, and ignores paine, and to see the maldistribution of wealth in the united states, and the amount of money that suffuses american politics today, that they would think -- and also, that they would see or thingsat many of these that are going on in the united states today bore an uncanny resemblance to the england that they had revolted against in 1776. that they would think the time had come for change and reform, maybe not a revolution, in the sense of 177

. he was a great importance to the growth of the country. as thomas jefferson said in his request for congress to approve the louisiana purchase, i'm paraphrasing, whoever owns new orleans is our enemy. by late 1814, america's interest and focus as well as the british focus was on new orleans and waiting to see what was going to happen. as the british were sailing across the gulf of mexico to new orleans, jackson was moving his troops to new orleans and assembling a ragtag army of american regulars, volunteer militia men from tennessee and kentucky, creoles, native new orleans who were not certain which country they had an allegiance to yet. freed black men, slaves and pirates. on the early morning of january 8, 1815 , the battle takes place. through some miscommunications by the british, they are put into a vulnerable position of having to attack jackson's fortifications. in a battle that lasted somewhere between 35 and 50 minutes, jackson's severely outnumbered troops have a stunning victory. jackson had almost 5400 men altogether. the british had almost 8500 men at that battle.

among those who doesn't believe in a post assad thomas jefferson. there's a thomas jefferson hardly. rock madison. serious there was no. middle. but this is small caliber really so five added what only two people that brings it up to just one hundred fifty three names on the index how about expanding it with the whole staff of the u.s. state department they denied entry to the leader of the white helmets over security concerns and after all being mean to them is a capital offense to any individual in any group. suspected of. ties or relations with extremist groups or was that we had believed to be a security threat to united states we would act accordingly but as for those who are already on the list we've interviewed a couple of them document is this ridiculous in many ways but it's also deeply worrying and concerning it is part of a witch hunt against people who don't accept the government line the military intervention in the middle east supporters based on the facts whatsoever. really. takes no account whatsoever of my actual views on. what we're looking at here just what this b

which i figure have come from thomas jefferson's area at monticello, and there is good evidence corroborating that. lots and lots of ceramics, lots of wine bottles which, of course, is the container of the day. before plastic bottles, glass wine-type bottles were used over and over again for all kinds of liquid storage and transport. so lots of those. some ceramics, which is interesting, that will tell us what the monroes were eating off of, the dishes that they used. that's always a really exciting moment to be able to understand the consumer choices that they made. so the house continues behind me here and probably goes under the 1870s house that belongs to the massey family. so it continues probably 20 feet or so underneath that house. and that was probably severely impacted by that construction in the 1870s. but otherwise, the part of the house that's not covered by that is really well preserved. and so it's an archeological treasure that i'm really eager to get into. james monroe is a really interesting character. he is maybe the most popular president of his time and one t

above us in thomas jeffersons building. jacob will give us an introduction to the substance of our talk here today. our -- >> we are excited to be able to share our research with you through the capital historical societies summer lecture series. 1973, david mayhew posited members primary, although not only goal, is reelection. this comes with several lines of inquiry. in order for members to be reelected they must connect with constituents and demonstrate policy or institutional successes. in order to gain power within the house or senate or to win on policy issues for the constituents members have to know what their constituents want. member constituent communications serves a vital role in representative government. if information about legislative activity cannot easily flow from members to constituents citizens will be left incapable of drawing policy judgments. if constituents cannot easily communicate with members congressional action is less likely to reflect the actions of the governed. constituent communication is one of the basic building blocks of rep democracy. at this

it thomas jefferson the week after? you do have to ask yourself where does it stop? are we going to take down statues? how about thomas jefferson? what do you think of thomas jefferson. are we going to take down the statue? he was a major slave owner. you're changing his rhode island you're changening culture. >> wow. there's so much wrng with that. >> a whole lot wrong. this is all about backwards thinking. >> i would think he needs to be more sophisticated in his analysis and in his approach. we are a country with a long history of race discrimination but one country that knowledged that history was wrong. at least most people have knowledged it. when you that kind of a situation it is very important to have a little bit more complexity in your analysis. certainly individuals that were slave holders and supported segregations. this would be very appropriate. >> always a pleasure. thank you, sir. >> my pleasure. >> when we come back is paul manafort changing his tune? attorneys reportedly sought a plea deal with federal prosecutors but talks stalled. remember the president said pau

george washington flexion week and is it thomas jefferson the week after? you do have to ask yourself where does it stop? are we going to take down statues? how about thomas jefferson? what do you think of thomas jefferson. you like him? he was a major slave owner. are we going to take down the statue? he was a major slave owner. you're changing history. you're changing culture. >> wow. there's so much wrng with that. >> a whole lot wrong. this is all about backwards thinking. >> he did have backwards views about civil rights and equality. do you think he feels ts same way about taking down russell's name? >> it's an interesting question. i think the president needs to be sophisticated in his analysis and his approach. >> good luck with that. we are a country with a long history of race discrimination but one country that knowledged that history was wrong. at least most people have acknowledged it. when you that kind of a situation it is very important to have a little bit more complexity in your analysis. certainly individuals that were slave holders and supported segregations. we ha

, john, there was one vision of this early on. thomas jefferson's perception but i want to ask you about some of the people you have spent time studying. andrew jackson. where did his idea of how to relate to the press come from? because he ended up inviting reporters to be advisers? >> his basic idea of how to deal with the press came from the nra. oh, wait, that is actually good. so he did whatever president wants to do. he did not like the democratic paper that was at work when he came to washington in 1829. and so he founded a new one. the washington globe was his newspaper. and so imagine if every president could just start their own -- we may be getting there. he was actually ahead of his time but he would -- people would bring him editorials and it was how he communicate downtown and beyond our kin now and as one of the great architects of popular culture, lower case c, that understanding that you had to be in constant communication with a democratic populace or foreshadow the modern world. i think he would have used twitter. use the means of your day and now mistake that our grea

we're able to live up to that today. [laughter] but we also like this quote, too, from thomas jefferson: there is, in fact, no subject to which a member of congress may not have occasion to refer. so if someone asks us, well, why are you studying that, well, we can always point to this particular quote. and, of course, in this picture is thomas jefferson's library which is the basis of the collections here at the library of congress. and it exists just one floor above us here in the historic thomas jefferson building. so now i'm going to turn it over to jacob who's going to give us an introduction the to the substance of our talk here today. >> thank you, colleen. i wanted to echo what she said about welcoming you all to the library of congress. we're excited to be able to share our research with you through the capitol historical society's summer lecture series. so in 1973 david mayhew famously posited members primary -- although not only goal -- is re-election. this comes with several interesting lines of inquiry. first, in order for members to be reelected, they must connect with constituen

thomas jefferson and his other friend james madison were both involved in setting up the plantation prior to his moving here in 1799. james monroe and his wife moved here late in the year in 1799 . james monroe, unlike the other local presidents, did not grow up in this area. monroe himself is from west moreland county out east. he was born in 1758 and moved here from fredericksburg where he settled with his young wife just after their marriage. first they live on a property that is now on the grounds of the university of virginia. they call it monroe hill. this property became available and he saw it as being closer to jefferson, being a larger tract of land and hopefully more productive. he purchased the property in 1793 and moved in 1799. by the late 18 teens, he had his property oak hill in loudoun county. that was closer to washington. he wants down more frequently. during his presidency, he very likely traveled with his wife. sometimes his elder daughter also accompanied them. her husband, george hay, was an important person to monroe. a confidant and secretary sometimes. his

possible exception of when thomas jefferson dined alone. [laughter] a great quip, but actually jefferson really dined alone. he often had people over for dinner in the indeed kept a running tally of people who had dinner with him at the executive mansion. many distinguished people were out p to dinner part of that evening in outfield little bit about those people. some people actually declined. tennessee williams, jd salinger, carl sandburg who identified it as a lifetime. william faulkner who lived in charlottesville 100 miles away said that's 100 miles away. it's too far to go for a meal. [laughter] in fairness he was ill, but that was his first bonds. you heard about the brainstem and i just want to elaborate a little bit more on that. just follow their come as social secretary was having various meetings with hers.to talk about preparation for the evening in roommate who was born in france really didn't grasp the american idioms and he was quite concerned aboute this idea that is going to be to bring dinner. he was horrified that he would have to prepare the brain. there is the good

white house with the possible exception of when thomas jefferson dined alone. [laughter] >> a great clip but actually jefferson rarely dined alone and often had people over for dinner and kept runningaly of -- tally of people who dined at the mansion. many distinguished people were at the dinner and part of that evening, i will tell you a little bit about those people, some people actually declined, tennessee williams did, carl sanburg, declined because he had another commitment, william faulkner who lived in charlottesville, it's too far to go for a meal. hehe was ill but that was his response. you heard about the brain's dinner and i just want to elaborate more on that. trish was secretary having various meetings with her staff to talk about preparation for the evening and renee who was born in france, didn't really grasp the american idioms and he was quite concerned about the idea that there was going to be the brain's dinner and he was horrified that he would have to prepare the brain and, indeed, there was the good luck that he was -- he was able to serve beef wellington inste

. part of the reason for that was even though people in mainstream enlightenment like thomas jefferson who was very heavily influenced and wrote the declaration of independence that irony reference about saying we have inalienable rights that many of the enlightenment figures believe there was fixed morality in a god who created things and got things started and created moral laws in such. there was radical mike met that took place at the same time and it tended to disregard those kind of ideas and lead into dehumanizing philosophies i discuss in my book. one figure was a french the terriers thinker who wrote a book called man, the machine and so he construed humans is just a machine. this ends up as seen human life is not being anymore valuable than anything else in the universe. >> how do you view man. >> i see them as being creative in the image of god and having sanctity and value in and of themselves, not instrumental value, some will say humans have instrumental value for what they can do like peter singer and others, but i believe humans have intrinsic value because there created in

rally around but thomas jefferson had a lot to say about a free press. there's a difference and thomas jefferson's day, media coverage wasn't instant and he also had a lot to say about editing. there's no editing toddes -- my there may be in newspapers built in media, everything is instant. radio, tv, social media. commentary is out there without editing and that's a big problem and that's the reason we need overhaul. i'd like to say something about campaign contributions. i'm an independent and i think that needs overhauling, too. it just takes way too much money to mount a successful campaign, and that's why you only see the media money control candidates on tv, on the national stage during debate which should be republics and democrats. bernie mounted a good campaign this last cycle in 2016. i'm not a bernie independent. i'm-- i consider myself a member of the constitution party. at the roll cassel -- he just couldn't get money. thanks to c-span we get to see those people but they never get on the national stage. so, we need -- the republican and democrat nominees need vast a

the media and the freedom of the press all the way back to george washington thomas jefferson dealing with that it could make a difference but he whips it up he purposely with set up because he knows his base loves it and they love him and he's not going to change he says he's going to do a lot more rallies like the one in tampa leading up to the midterms that going to help or hurt republicans. i think that's yet to be seen luck his record hasn't been so good so far we remember alabama famously where he intervened in a primary there with luke for in behalf of luther strange he lost that then he supported roy moore so he wants to turn that around that's why he's involved in a primary in for in florida on behalf of ron the centers for governor against another republican down there adam putman he is involved in the governor's race in the primary in georgia and he's putting it all on the line i think in some cases he will help he certainly help run the census already and others i think some republicans will say please mr president stay home. if you miss. your staff he'll stay three twenty

rotunda on the university of virginia campus, to the statue of thomas jefferson. greeted by are group of university of virginia students who had anticipated decided to and counter protest by locking arms around the debt you as the as theht -- statue alt-right protesters advance. that evening was an evening of skirmishes and tension and it presaged the chaos that would ippen the following morning recall watching the streets of charlottesville that next ofning as thousands supremacist and races protesters flooded the streets and parks and plazas of downtown charlottesville. many counterprotesters lined the streets behind barricades and in the parks. the entire city descended into civil disorder. momentn the horrific captured on video for us all to see so horribly. when james alex fields, jr. accelerated his thoughts charger down street to the intersection of fourth and market street for some 500 counterprotesters were gathered. slamming into two other vehicles and pedestrians. injuring 19 people. some of whom and through the air from the collision. and murdering heather heyer. and i wil

know thomas jefferson once said that for a criminal statute to be bad. alet you have to be able to understand it while running while running with it you know and i can't even understand this why well sit while sitting it's very difficult and the idea of threatening people with criminal prosecution for the general open ended statutes should threaten every civil libertarian but civil libertarians are so against trump that they're prepared to compromise civil liberties and rule of law in order to rid the country of a president who they think is to serving the interests of america and as a civil libertarian yourself have you lost some friendships over this and are you a little embarrassed when trump quotes you well i have lost friendships over it i would put it differently i've learned who my real friends are and i've learned to the phony friends are many people misunderstand my position they don't know that if hillary clinton been elected president they were going after.

right, retires from politics and dies in 1836. john adams and thomas jefferson die on the same day, july 4th, 1826, 50 years to the day of the signing of the declaration of independence. pretty incredible. you can't make something like that up. america is changing. a market revolution is sweeping the young republic. mass commercialization. profit making. new opportunities for investment. inventions. entrepreneurship. a burst in the population. look at that population explosion from 1 million in 1750 to 13 million by 1830. this is a young population, average age about 17 years old. aggressive, energetic, highly individualistic, oftentimes reckless. a burgeoning population. factories have popped up all across the north, especially new england, producing textiles and other manufacturing goods. outside the cities, outside of new england, an agricultural boom. in ohio, in pennsylvania, wheat exports off the charts. in the south, cotton, that drug of a plant creating that soft, durable textile. spreading all throughout the south, entrenching that slave system deeper and deeper. in the so

. you remember that chief opponent. thomas jefferson hates the bank. the bank jefferson believes is an institution that imperils american liberty by elevating to power a wealthy financial elite. an unproductive elite. jefferson opposed of it. jefferson comes to power in 1800 so does his party the bank of the united states. the charter expires in 1811 but one year later a war erupts with britain. that war is a very expensive war. the national government finds itself in tremendous fiscal straits. so after the war is finished, five years later, the democratic republican, the party of jefferson, charter a second bank of the united states and this second bank much like the first, also will have a 20 year charter. this charter will run out in 1836. and presumably congress and the president in good faith will renew the charter. so there you have it. and there are bumps along the road right. after the bank is chartered. you will recall from the last lecture. the panic of 1819 explodes. this massive bubble in western speculation. the bubble caused largely by the bank. by all of this new bank

, thomas jefferson, and franklin roosevelt. coverage from the conference with representatives from sites across the country will get underway wednesday morning at 9:00 eastern. >>> much of the white house design has roots. lydia tederick was joined by rufus bird to talk about design similarities. it was part of a daylong symposium hosted by the white house historical association. >> i'm dr. curtis sandberg at the national center for white house history and we spent the morning considering 200 years we have examined the role of scottish stonemasons and have seen the roads emerging back there. is now time to address decorative arts and we are incredibly fortunate to have 2. we have rufus bird who is the surveyor of queens works of art. the royal collection trust has lots of things but it looks after the royal collection which is, frankly, on the website one of the most important art collections on earth. rufus will place the fine art connections and we've had lydia tederick, the white house curator on the phone he's going to evaluate fine arts connections and place it in a larger connectiv

my hat to organizations like the mount vernon ladies association and the thomas jefferson foundation. they are models in a lot of ways. >> montpelier did it, too, with slave quarters. justice ginsburg said the constitution constantly is becoming more inclusive and telling the story in a way that gives voices to underrepresented groups and it's a great privilege. >> i have two more disruptors and 22 minutes. jeffrey, we have touched on it. it's digital technology. i chose you for this to pick up on the targeting by generations because you teach. i was just overnight reading a study based on scientific research that the digital generation are having brain changes about absorption of information and processing because of living their life on digital technology. they learn differently. their attention spans are different. you are serving constituencies, all of us are, that learn one way versus people that grew up with traditional books and other accesses to information. how do you serve both? >> let me say two contradictory things. that's my job as a professor. the first is i could not a

organizations like the mount vernon ladies association and the thomas jefferson foundation. i mean they are models, i think, in a lot of ways. >> montpelier has done it too with the slaves quarters. the constitution is more inclusive. and that idea of telling the story in ways that gives voices to all of underrepresented groups and includes sthem a great privilege. >> i have two more disruptors and 22 minutes. jeffrey, you're my lead on this one. we touched on it a bit. it is digital technology. i shows you fchose you for thisu teach and i was just overnight reading a study based on scientific research that the digital generation are having brain changes because of digital technology. they learn differently. they learn one way compared to people that grew up with books. how do you serve both? >> let me say two contradictory things because that's my job as a professor. the first is i could not agree with the point that this internet thing is turning out poorly. and in particular, there are legions of studies that demonstrate that when students have their computers open and are typing the

. that will come later on. my book is on thomas jefferson, thomas paine and james munro. and an attempt to look at those three try to understand something about them. also by choosing three people to understand something about the period that they were involved in. in their case, these are three people that were involved in two revolutions, the american revolution and the french revolution. so, there is a great deal in the book that i cannot cover tonight and the time that i have. maybe if there is something i don't cover that you are interested in, maybe we can get to that in the question and answer later on. the american revolution was something that 20% of the people living in america did not support at all. they remain loyal to great britain. there was another group that supported the insurgency but did not support independence. people like john dickinson, for example. there are people who supported independence but did not want much change to occur in america. they wanted it to remain as it had in the period. there are people who supported the insurgency and thought they wa

, telling monticello's history beyond thomas jefferson. new exhibitions reveal the lymplex legacy of sally hemings and slavery in emerica. >> we as americans don't address

future of energy in the navajo nation. plus, telling monticello's history beyond thomas jefferson. new exhibitions reveal the complex legacy of sally hemings anslavery in early america >> we as americans don't address some of the more complex issues of slavery, of sex, of power, of ownehi

a book called "divided" about 0 john adams and thomas jefferson. one of the most fame out pairings in american history, they were very close in paris together as dignitaries, ambassadors for the united states, early burgeoning united states, colonial united states, and then of course became rivals for the presidency, ran against each other, got very bitter, and they didn't talk or communicate for a number of year, then they resumed their correspondence to the enter session of benjamin rush, one of the founders of america and a physician in philadelphia, and that blossomed into an enduring friendship until they dade. they both died on july 4, 1826. within hours. wasn't of the great coincidences in american history. this is that story. and it's really a joy to read and a lot of tidbits but their personalities and what made them tick, and both of them being admirable figures and both having flaws. gordon woods does a good job of describing both. the final book i want to highlight, one more i didn't bring, and that's called "the three lives of james madison" the state of james madison'

point of exit and entry. it was at great importance to the economic growth of the country. as thomas jefferson -- i am paraphrasing. whoever owns new orleans is not our enemy. america's interest and focus as well as british focus was on new orleans and waiting to see what was going to happen as the british were sailing across the gulf of mexico's new orleans. jackson was moving his trips to new orleans and assembling a ragtag army of american regulars volunteer militiamen from tennessee and kentucky, creoles and native nor linnean's were not sure which country they had an allegiance to yet. freed black men and slaves and pirates. on the early morning of january 8 the battle finally takes place. through some miscommunications by the british they are put into a very vulnerable position of having to attack fortifications in a battle that left -- lasted from 45 to 50 minutes. jackson's troops had a stunning victory. he had almost 5400 men altogether. the british had almost 8500 men at the battle. jackson ended up with a total number of casualties of 71 men. 13 of them have died. the brit

these issues in the united states? who was thomas jefferson? why do we still have after generations of institutionalized racism, you have to know why. educate people as to why we have this divide. just a black problem, it's a national problem. education starts in the home. stereotypes, understanding that when police shoots a black boy a the back, it's not just humanity issue. we have to talk about humanity. yearr: the rally last began because of conversations around removing confederate statues in the united states. that statute still stands. what does that tell you? has that been lost? >> we have to rethink our history. you have to keep something next to that that represents all other people. a statue of frederick douglass, for example. we have to make a balance. going to stay, let's do something that educates the public about the history. these people revere these confederates. they were treasonous when you look at it. i think the discussion is important to have about these monuments. for years, we took it for granted that we were looking at these white man. what about my culture? ab

comienza con una frase de thomas jefferson diciendo " si tuviera que escoger entre un gobierno sin periÓdico o un periÓdico sin gobierno serÍa" >> la comparaciÓn de la agencia de comunicaciÓn, estamos hablando de que en 2010 republicanos independentistas consideraban que la prensa tenÍa un efecto negativo en el paÍs en un y tan sÓlo el siete aÑos ha pasado al 85%. es decir, hay muchas mÁs personas independientes que piensan que la prensa hace un flaco favor a este paÍs. vamos con mÁs noticias. el exdirector de la cia dice que las amenazas de trump de que no hubo conexiÓn con los rusos en sus elecciones dice que es bazofia. enseÑa que rusia busca gente que se vuelva dÓciles a sus maestros de marionetas rusos. trump amenazÓ con quitarle las credenciales de seguridad. carolina: el presidente trump dice haber quitado acceso a informaciÓn a otras personas que lo han criticado fuertemente y ahora surge la pregunta sin presidente de la casa blanca tenÍa el permiso de tomar este paso sin haber consultado con un comitÉ de inteligencia. vamos a ver quÉ es lo que dice al r

panelists leslie bowman, president of the thomas jefferson foundation which owns and operates the unesco world heritage site monticello. katherine a.s. sibley, director of american studies at st. joseph's university. she is a published author and professor. she has written on first lady florence harding and edit eed " companion to first ladies." earlier in her career she was author of "red spies: stolen secrets of the cold war." timothy naftoli is a presidential historian and clinical professor of public service at new york university from 2000 to 2011 he directed the richard nixon presidential library and museum. he has coauthored several books, most notably for our purposes today "john f. kennedy: the great crisis," and in 2007 a book on george h.w. bush. and katherine algore, president of the massachusetts historical society. dr. algore is a noted american historian and specializes in biographies of american first ladies. most notably dolley madison. please enjoy this presentation on how different organizations, institutions, and individuals are being changed and incorporating

safe. thank you. [applaus [applause] >> three minutes for the libertarians. >> thomas jefferson's pledge in his first inaugural address was to create peace, commerce and friendship with all nations entangling alliances with none. as libertarians we share thomas jefferson's vision and believed a restrained foreign policy is the best to strengthen our country. the united states is not more powerful when involved in unnecessary conflicts. we save lives, money, and preserve our own freedom when we do so. we are not naive passivistpassi when there's a compelling national security at stake, we know how to pay for it, we have precise mission and public support and we're sure we've exhausted all other means. under these criteria, the invasion of afghanistan, world war ii and the barberry states were justifiable. the iraq and vietnam wars are not. conservatives mistakenly think that constraint and military strength is the solution. the opposite is true. when they're fighting half a dozen foolhardy wars without a mission we're weaker. if russia and china poses a threat to us. do we want to be spre

kids in my family. so did thomas jefferson, didn't he? thomas jefferson did, too. associated with black people or anybody and sang well, this person is the epitome of why i can't be what your site him. there are exceptions to every rule. strom thurmond was very much a racist, and he have black children out of wedlock. this is something i would say. a senate candidate averages that i can't be racist, my son is named after a black guy. so i think there is a notion as to what they think racism is. it's interesting how the one thing that you don't get to do as a white guy is define racism. until you have been a victim of it. because, an essay that that because i believe that they are inferior or superior any kind of way. it's because their judgment is so flawed. they didn't think slavery was racism. they didn't think jim crow was racism. so pardon me if i say that your metrics are a bit skewed. >> host: you dedicate your book in a compelling way to your son. i've got two sons who are being raised in new york city in brooklyn, and i know often we have to have conversations with our boy

. [applause] >> three minutes to the libertarians. >> thomas jefferson's pledge in his first inaugural address was to create peace, commerce and honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none. as libertarians, we share thomas jefferson's vision and believe a restrained foreign policy is the best way to secure our liberties and secure our country. the united states is not more powerful when we involve ourselves in unnecessary conflicts. a restrained foreign policy will give us a military that can protect us when legitimate threats emerge. we save lives, money and preserve our own freedom when we do so. we are not naive pacifists. intervention is justifiable when there's a compelling u.s. national security interest at stake. we know how to pay for it, we have a precise mission and public support and we're sure that we've exhausted all other means. under these criteria, the invasion of afghanistan, world war ii and the war with the barbary states are all justifiable. iraq and vietnam wars are not. conservatives mistakenly assume restraint and military strength are mutu