to washington. ross is persuaded largely by the fact that he has met very little resistance as he moves from benedict to upper marlboro. they have had look on sector all with american forces at all. no defenses were set up along the way, no ambushes. there were many positions where the americans could have slowed down the british advance. he was astonished that nothing of the sort had been done. this encourages him. he is almost suspicious of being lured into an ambush because of the lack of american resistance. general winder is moving his forces back and forth. he moves them from washington into maryland and at a point where he can position himself between the attacking force in the capital. but then he loses his nerve, marches back to washington. his force gradually is getting larger. it had only been about 2100 when the british land that benedict. between for five days, enough forces had been together that they now outnumber the british force. through a series of faints -- feints, ross continues

washington. she worked for the committee where she handled historic preservation legislation. and do you remembering the clinton administration, she also directed the american heritage river's initiative. today, ms. newman will discuss the post-war impact on the forts, the surrounding neighborhoods and evolution into parks chl and kim elder. ms. ed ser the national parks services program manager for civil war defenses of washington. she is responsible for the management and oversight program development for 16 of the remaining forts and batteries owned and operated by the national park service. today, ms. elder will provide us with a preview of this weekend's activities. let me begin now with dr. cooling. >> good afternoon, folks. you don't want to hear about that today. i'll mention the national archives in just a second. in a dincht context. to say that for four days now, i have listened to the national park service now, having been privy to the developer with a couple of blooks, i fear that i

of washington. this is one of the best preserved of the various forts that were in the defenses of washington. these parts of it are fairly well taken care of, but once we get to the northwest bastion, you will see what the fort would have looked like at the time of the civil war. but these are all parts of the fort that we're actually in. it was a large one, so you have a large area. there is also signage that we will see as we walk through explaining what each resource we run into was. such as a sign here which is pointing out that there was a bombproof right here which collapsed in. but a bombproof basically was for men to go in when the fort was being shelled and it would protect them. depending, it would at least be made out of earth. sometimes they had a basement from something they used or bricks or whatever they used in it, but it had dirt over top with grass growing on it, and if you got inside the bombproof, you were pretty well safe. that's what's underneath here. we are coming to the nor

because washington was in captivity. and so that's why the residents of brookville described their village as the capital of america for one day. but they never caught him, they never caught his wife, dolly, who was also roaming around, unknown to a lot of americans. they did come back. the british arrived at sunset on wednesday. they retreated on thursday night. madison came back on saturday morning after he had been told that the british had left. and it took him five hours to ride from brookville to washington, about 25 miles, and then he didn't leave any written commentary of what he felt like. that distressed me, i wanted to know what this person thought. there are descriptions of melancholy. that is a description that appears time and again. and shame and embarrassment and graffiti, and it went on and on. but not from madison. he kept his peace. dolly came back on sunday, the day after, and she was disguised in the clothing of another person. she had lost eight of her bodyguards, who decided to get drunk rather tha

washington which is basically located about across from mt. vernon, george washington's home. at the beginning of the war, it was manned actually by marines and was manned in one sort or another during the war but was not actually part of the civil war defenses of washington, the circle of forts. but if there would have been ships trying to come up, it would have had an effect also. if you look at the map here, or actually plan, it will give you an idea of the way the fort was located on the river. you have the fort, itself, and some of the buildings associated with it behind. its main focus was the river, itself, even though it anchored the other civil war defenses of washington. this is the way it would have looked to have someone that would have come here during the civil war. this is a national park. at times it has been quite overgrown. right now, you can see if you look around, it still needs some manicuring, but it is better than i've seen it in the past. but you saw at ft. ward how well taken care of it is. it's a city park, actually, and the city does a very good job

he should have burned washington. he got in trouble for not burning washington. one final thing. i am sure there are loads of people -- admiral cockburn was exceptionally greedy. not only did he open to get a --hope to get a ransom washington would've been humiliated by being surrendered. there was ransom in lieu of burning the public building. in other words, we should've gotten the money. [inaudible] >> thank you. question? right up here. >> i have a question for peter snow. you do a lot of tactical analysis of battlefields. we talk about american militia and that failure of the militia, but it is more a failure of the american command. i am particularly looking at the final stages, where winder orders the withdrawal of the third line, without a rallying point. then we have barney continuing to hold artillery against infantry, which is usually a massacre. if we had not had the left flank breaking, would this not necessarily have been such a defeat that it was? >> i would say two things about that. first, winder, to be fair to winder, it was monroe, the future president of the u

washington, d.c. is based on democratic principles and how it has come to its greatest fulfillments when it has sought to fulfill and realize those democratic principles. we had a new country and the founding fathers wanted a new capital for the country. they couldn't agree where it would be. and the disagreement over this decision became so extreme that there was some concern that it would break the young country apart. they wanted the capitol to be somewhere near the center of the united states, but then they couldn't agree on what was the center of the united states, for the southerners, they wanted it near the geographic center. for the northerners, they wanted it nearer, that would have placed the capitol closer to philadelphia and new york. >> just when things were getting really heated. thomas jefferson invited alexander hamilton and james madison to dinner. alexander hamilton was then secretary of the treasury, and he was a new yorker, and the northern states wanted the federal assumption of t

if you can picture washington, d.c. as shaped like a diamond, we are right at the very top of the diamond, in the northwest portion of washington, d.c. early about noontime was out of the gates of fort stevens right out here. he had the capitol dome in his sight at noontime, and what did he see? he saw this very impressive series of forts. he saw this fort and it was connected to several other forts around here. it looks impregnable and he saw troops here. early did not know these were 100 days men and the call went out for civilians to come out and help man the barricades, so you had clerks from the state department, men from the quarter master corps, people who have never fired a weapon in their life. the word motley comes up more than once, but early did not know this. his men were strung out way along back on the georgetown pike. sorry, not the georgetown pike, the 7th street pike, they cut off the georgetown pike in what is now wheaton, maryland, and cut out to the 7th street pike, georgia avenue, so early, unchara

washington agreed to fortify and reinforce fort washington, the last bastion on the island. howe overran the fort resulting in american soldiers being captured. many died in prison. fort lee fell to a british force. these were some of the worst disasters of the war suffered by americans. at this point, lee confidence in washington as commander-in-chief. he recommended no reinforcements be sent to fort washington. washington was not yet the mythical figure he is today. lee appears to have made the decision he deserved to replace washington as commander-in-chief of the british army. after the fall of fort lee, general cornwallis began to chase the remnants of washington's army out of new jersey. outnumbered, washington differently needed help. -- desperately needed help. he left lee commanding 7000 troops in white plains, new york, to protect new england. he asked but did not order lee to join him. during what was probably the most dangerous time for washington's army, lee delayed. while he was too smart to leave a paper trail, it appears he wanted to maintain an independent c

but none of the crew set foot in washington. so either he exchanged booty with another briton or archibald kanes, the canadian, is mistaken, as is the white house. we then went to see the portrait of george washington. about 20 away the rope -- that keeps people about 20 feet away. for the first time, i saw the artist's amazing mistake. in the painting, george washington is facing you. there is a table next to his right leg. under the table are books. the title painted on one of the books reads "laws and constitution of the united states -- sates." can you believe it? gilbert stuart made a spelling mistake. [laughter] extraordinary. when the british arrived on capitol hill, they were confronted by the buildings of the senate and house linked by a 100-foot covered wooden walkway. as they entered, they expected to find signs of duplicity. instead they found evidence of maniacal splendor. -- monarchal splendor. i go into detail of what the building was like because it was not a normal building. it was like the great cathedrals in m

halfway between washington d.c. and fort washington. here is fort stanton. some of the earth works. this is the view in p2003 when started getting involved in the park servie i services on some . this is not part of the fort circle parts or civil war defenses of washington but nobody can go up to fort stanton and not drop by and see the douglas national park. fort ricketts. behind in the trees are defenses there. here is fort davis. this is the only part of the fort drive that was ever constructed. it was done during the ccc area in 1935. here is a picture of it being built. you can still go there and see what the defenses like like. here is fort dupont which is the second largest park in d.c. it has problems with exotic vegetation so our hope is -- i'm not the kind of person what can tell you what to do about exotic vegetation so something should be done. here in the hills all over in the area east, these beautiful plants, native plants, endangered species that are up there. the ranger told me people drive all the way up there to see the mountain loral in the spring and you can wal

towards washington. meanwhile, you have the other squadron underneath captain james gordon, sailing up the potomac. and still other ships moving up the chesapeake bay to threaten baltimore. they had this three pronged operation. the main attack is accompanied by 4000 troops. admirable -- admiral cockburn and the marines. by water, andntly succeeded by traveling -- in trapping barney. he scuttled the flotilla, and escapes with his neck. this isresult of all of int american commanders washington were utterly paralyzed as to what they should be doing. they had one squadron coming up the potomac, a force they ,eren't quite sure how large with forces that have been landed. there was a lot of hope they were just after barney, and that after destroying arteries flotilla, they would reboard their ships and move back into the bay. one of the results of all of this in decision was that the general commanders, william winder, doesn't do a very effective job of doing setting up terms of defenses around washington, i

in that memoir he quotes washington from that evening, and washington says, i cannot come to all of you, but if you could come to me and shake my hand. and this is a stoic man, this is the father of our country, and there claims to be tears on that evening. so that happened here in this long room at fraunces tavern, which you can visit today. and it's set up as it would have been back in the colonial times. if you were to rent a room at fraunces tavern for a private event, we have some tallies of what was served at those private events. so if you had a party of 10, there would be about 10 bottles of rum, certain number of bottles of beer, and you would pay for your candlesticks, and obviously the playing cards. so also what they would serve here would have been oysters, they claimed in the hudson river at the time the oysters were a foot long. so these are roast beef sized oysters. you would use pewter ware, some china. if you came to fraunces tavern, not everybody -- there was no public education, so not everybody could read or could count with numbers. so they would use playing cards

washington which is basically located about across from mt. vernon, george washington's home. at the beginning of the war, it was manned actually by marines and was manned in one sort or another during the war but was not actually part of the civil war defenses of washington, the circle of forts. but if there would have been ships trying to come up, it would have had an effect also. if you look at the map here, or actually plan, it will give you an idea of the way the fort was located on the river. you have the fort, itself, and some of the buildings associated with it behind. its main focus was the river, itself, even though it anchored the other civil war defenses of washington. this is the way it would have looked to have someone that would have come here during the civil war. this is a national park. at times it has been quite overgrown. right now, you can see if you look around, it still needs some manicuring, but it is better than i've seen it in the past. but you saw at ft. ward how well taken care of it is. it's a city park, actually, and the city does a very good job

still washington forts are yet another of washington's many monuments that have transitioned you purpose. they want recognition from all of us, appreciation. for commemoration for with a they did there an probably both sides lost thousands of people on both sides. so just what they have become and what the soldiers did there 150 years ago certainly warrant our gratitude, our recognition and some consideration in the pantheon of heroes in the confederacy including officers and personnel. the veterans like louis white did after the war, worked in the pension bureau. the most immediate great entitlement program, built a house and preserved what he is going to el ytell yo tell you a now. [ applause ] >> thank you frank. everything i'm going to show you -- i'm the picture girl. i've learned from you and a few others like him but mainly from frank. especially for the civil war defenses of washington, there's a bible. wally owens his coauthor wrote mr. lincoln's forts. if you really care about these issues, that's the book to read. i encourage you to get that book. so what i'm going to do is go

we need people to get to the barricades of washington. so that was the situation in washington. now back down in richmond, grant, when he learned what was happening here, did not want to send troops outside of richmond and petersburg, this was his grand plan to win the war. you can read the telegrams that went back and forth between washington and outside of richmond. you can read the memoirs of people on his staff. you can read the letters that they wrote. grant would not send troops, and finally he gave in at the last minute and he sent two regiments of the 6th corps, woke them up in the middle of the night, marched out to city port, got on these steamers, went down the james river, out into the chesapeake bay, up into baltimore harbor, they got off the ships, they marched to the railroad station, camden station, now camden yards where the baseball stadium is, and they arrived here at the monacacy junction at 1:00 in the morning on july 9th, 1864. union intelligence was not very good, but one man figured out through the intelligence and more or less what was happening, and tha

washington which is basically located about across from mt. vernon, george washington's home. at the beginning of the war, it was manned actually by marines and was manned in one sort or another during the war but was not actually part of the civil war defenses of washington, the circle of forts. but if there would have been ships trying to come up, it would have had an effect also. if you look at the map here, or actually plan, it will give you an idea of the way the fort was located on the river. you have the fort, itself, and some of the buildings associated with it behind. its main focus was the river, itself, even though it anchored the other civil war defenses of washington. this is the way it would have looked to have someone that would have come here during the civil war. this is a national park. at times it has been quite overgrown. right now, you can see if you look around, it still needs some manicuring, but it is better than i've seen it in the past. but you saw at ft. ward how well taken care of it is. it's a city park, actually, and the city does a very good job

adam laroche, two run home run tonight. 3-0 washington. nats break open the close game in the sixth inning. danny espinosa, say goodbye to that baseball, 6-0 nationals. the two teams will finish up that 12:30 tomorrow afternoon. the orioles tonight could not figure out the blue jays pitching. swing, that is all the blue jays would need. that was a rocket to the moon, to run home run. the orioles could only muster one hit tonight, the birds lose 5-1. the redskins tomorrow night take on new england. the new england patriots at fedex field. used to it, i have to say it all day tomorrow. jackson turned his ankle in practice and is questionable for the game. will not play because of a sore hamstring. jay gruden, what can we expect tomorrow against the pats? >> we're just trying to put them in a situation where they can line up and succeed. the biggest thing is when the lights come on, how you perform when the pressure is on. people are watching. it will be a great atmosphere, i'm sure. >> in baltimore, the ravens are putting their final prepara

the other context, and i go back to, is washington, d.c. washington, d.c. is our nation's capital. is our nation's government. all the foreign embassies are here. national government. all the cabinet agencies here. 435 member of the house of representatives here. the senate is here. there's an international press here. there's a national press here. which means there are more eyes on me than any other person in america. in america. and i've survived that. and i've overcome that. i'm not going to let it get me down. i want to thank the people of washington, d.c. who are bright and beautiful. for having the sense and understanding to cut through all the bs. understand that. and also this major press here. we have a few berry haters. probably about half a dozen. some are here tonight. and what the berry haters do, they can't find anything good. there's always good in something, isn't it? one columnist had not read the book. they wrote on the book. that is not right to do. i think in some instances it helps me sell books though. just keep on doing it. back to you, miss harmoan. >> i wa

by 1864 washington, of course, is much more than that. it is the fortress of washington. a fortified mr. lincoln city. 60 odd, or more, forts, 93 unarmed batteries, miles of military roads, entrenchments, infrastructure for logistics, hospitals as well as the political capital of the nation, the united states. had it not been for 1814 and the battle of bladensberg, there would not have been the attention paid by 1864 in part to protecting the city. indeed, through the intervening years there had been constructed in the area of the most possible threat to the capital, that is to say the river approach, fort washington. by 1861 it was completely neglected and of no use whatsoever in a brothers war of -- a civil war, especially where, in fact, maryland, a southern slave holding state was five miles away from us right here surrounding the capital of the union or the old united states. by 1864, as i said, there's a ring of fortifications around the city which happily today are park lapped. they're preserved. we have something we can point to from the civil war and suggest that

goes right into washington. a little further we have the national pike which goes right to baltimore. then we have the railroad line straight down here from baltimore. you have a north/south, east low pressure west suburb. there was pan nick the streets in baltimore and washington. the rumors started flying. early gained troops, had about 14,000 on july 9th. the rumor was that he had 35,000 troops. the command structure was fragmented. there were a lot of generals in washington, d.c. in fact general hallic said we have plenty of generals. we need privates here. we need people to fight to get to the barricades of washington. so that was the situation in washington. now back down in richmond, grant, hen he learned what was happening here, did not want to sends troops outside of richmond and petersburg. you can read the telegrams that went back and forth. you can real the memoirs of the people who were on his staff. you can read the letters that they wrote. grant would not send -- finally he gave in at the last min

cross-talk the neo-con agenda i'm joined by my guest robert perry in washington he is an investigative reporter for the a.p. and newsweek who now edits the online news site consortium news dot com also in washington we have jim lobe he is the washington bureau chief for intra press service and director of a blog on us middle east policy called low blog dot com and in champaign we cross that francis boyle he is a professor of international law at the university of illinois college of law are gentlemen cross-talk rules in effect that means you can jump in anytime you want and i very much encourage it robert i go to you first in washington you wrote an article recently obama's true foreign policy weakness what is that weakness. well president obama has been willing to fall into the control under the control pretty much of the neo conservatives and some of their liberal interventionists friends he has instead of asserting more a real break from the george w. bush policies he has he has adopted them he has avoided perhaps some of the more extreme problems but in many ways he has not challen

the washington journals she wrote were a citizen's guide to watergate and washington as the nixon presidency was unraveling. i have to tell you, though i read them at the time and reread them some years later, i have been rereading them now, and they really fit the goal that she had which was to explain to people what was going on in a way that would be understandable and comprehensible and illustrative

the changing face of washington, d.c. a photographer shows us the neighborhood undergoing a dramatic transformation. welcome to our viewers on public television in america and around the globe. the largest christian town in northern iraq has been seized by islamist militants. tens of thousands of christians have fled from their homes after fighters from the islamic state captured qaraqosh. 50,000 members of the yazidi religious minority fled from the fighters into the mountains. tonight, the white house has said it will not rule out military action in response. our correspondent james robbins. >> they are climbing higher and higher into the barren mountains of northern iraq. are some of the thousands from an ancient religious minority fleeing for their lives. fromthe militant fighters the self-proclaimed islamic state, seizing more and more of iraq. this woman says, we and our children ran away to save our lives and left everything behind. threatened with death by the islamists if they did not abandon their faith, a relig

the washington journals she wrote were really a citizens guide to watergate and washington as the nixon presidency was unraveling. and i have to tell you, though i read them at the time and i reread them some years later, i've been rereading them now and they really fit the goal that she had, which was to explain to people what was going on in a way that would be understandable and comprehensible and illustrative to them of what have that time was about 40 years from now. and she captured the anxiety and really the insanity of that era. and the thing that's really remarkable about elizabeth is she just never stops reporting. her 14 books about washington rival's bob. when i first started writing v

but washington, d.c. back in those days, and gative washingtonians don't like me to say this, it was a sleepy southern town. sleepy southern town. there were no -- this building was not here. this complex was not here. pennsylvania avenue had only one building, fbi building, and f street, g street, all those streets, all the west end didn't have any major high-rise buildings. look at washington now. [applause] look at it now. and it didn't just happen overnight. it took a lot of work, a lot of vision, a lot of tenacity. for instance, i appointed herb miller who was a white developer as chairman of my downtown committee. they came up with great recommendations. also i reorganized the permit department and welcomed businesses to come to washington. we doubled the number of hotel rooms since when i started, so i think that's important that we see the big picture. because i painted a large picture, a large photograph of our city. again, all of this is replete with courage, with tenacity, with vision, with und

in 1790, washington, president washington, reached an negotiated settlement, a treaty with the creek indians. and he could do this because he had been newly entrusted with powers by the recently ratified constitution. and with these powers, he negotiated this peace treaty with the delegation of chiefs that represented some of the creek indians. this treaty would be contested later on, but it was viewed as legitimate by the president and his administration. now, the creek indians were the most powerful indian tribes of the southeast with a group of over 10,000 warriors. for decades the creek indians had managed to successfully play the various european powers off against one another and to resist defeat. and the creek held the balance of power in the region up until the revolutionary war. president washington understood that the united states having just fought a war of independence was in no shape to take them on. president washington and members of his administration then, the treaty with the creek, this treaty of 1790 represented a major achievement. it freed the united states up f

washington also was a gentleman. and and i'm not suggesting that townsend wasn't or anything like that, but you're right, that concept of it's beneath me to spy. i think, frankly, today it's still true. >> now, this is directed toward the french. in the world wars, you think if we would and have cried out for french to help us, do you think the wars would have gone quicker and more swiftly? >> the french government was in a position where they were not adequately prepared to actually declare war on the british until after the battle of saratoga where the american forces proved that they were strong enough to defeat an army in the field. and it was really touch and go. i mean, we came so close in december of 1776 to totally dissipating as an army that it is remarkable. the fascinating aspect of saratoga is that historians estimate that 80 plus percent of the gun powder used by the american troops during the two battles that comprised the saratoga campaign came from hot less and company. -- hotellez and company. that a

the attack on washington is all here. if you have an opportunity to come out and visit with us, please do so. as we've noted, just this week tomorrow, today and tomorrow, we've got a lot of great things going on. we just learned that cspan will be out tomorrow evening on fort stephens to cover of the historian's round table. we're looking at fort stephen's day which we've been hosting for the past three years. fort stephens on steroids with mr. lincoln, mrs. lincoln. we will be firing a canon from fort stephens. the first time in 150 years a canon will be fired in a d.c. fort. you've got to come out and share with that. as i mentioned on sunday, we'll have the memorial program at the battleground national cemetery where we will pay respect to the 38 soldiers who are buried there and the others who have given their sacrifice for this country. we didn't have a lot of time but i do encourage you all to tell your friends about it. visit us on our website at www dot nps.gov. again, thank you all so very much. [ applause ] i th

rules benefits washington. even if it doesn't benefit the american people. adherence to the washington rules delivers profits to the military industrial complex and adherence to the washington rule is useful for the institutions comprising the national security state. helping them to justify their prerogatives, to justify their pledges. adherence to the washington rules allows ambitious senior military officers or ambitious civilian officials to imagine that somehow they are occupying the cockpit of history and doing god's work. i think adherence to the washington rules is something that even mainstream journalism has embraced. nobody gets more excited about the prospect of american soldiers being sent into harm's way than do reporters for the mainstream press. for all of those reasons, washington, which is deeply invested in the existing national security consensus, will be reluctant to permit any departure from that consensus. but, there's a second reason, i think. one that gets a little bit more closer to ho

it's good for washington. >> washington is one of only seven states without any income tax. the proposal would create a 5% rate on income over $200,000 for individuals and $400,000 for couples. a 9% rate kicks in at $1/2 million on individuals and $1 million for couples. let's say a couple earns $500,000. >> okay. >> how much do you think they'll have to pay? >> well, they would pay $5,000 because that's 5% of the $100,000 on which they would pay. >> oh, they would only pay on the $100,000. they're exempt up to the $400,000. >> precisely. >> so they'd only pay on $100,000. >> precisely. >> that's not very much... >> precisely. >> if you earn that kind of money. >> precisely. >> his son bill is on his side, along with the public employees unions. the other side is a who's who of the state's big businesses: boeing, amazon, and even microsoft. bill gates is still chairman, but the ceo, steve ballmer, opposes the initiative, which is why they're calling this the battle of the billionaires. is it awkward? >> the word "awkward" fits, yes. >> ballmer's side argues that the "soak th

in 1790, washington, president washington, reached an negotiated settlement, a treaty with the creek indians. and he could do this because he had been newly entrusted with powers by the recently ratified constitution. and with these powers, he negotiated this peace treaty with the delegation of chiefs that represented some of the creek indians. this treaty would be contested later on, but it was viewed as legitimate by the president and his administration. now, the creek indians were the most powerful indian tribes of the southeast with a group of over 10,000 warriors. for decades the creek indians had managed to successfully play the various european powers off against one another and to resist defeat. and the creek held the balance of power in the region up until the revolutionary war. president washington understood that the united states having just fought a war of independence was in no shape to take them on. president washington and members of his administration then, the treaty with the creek, this treaty of 1790 represented a major achievement. it freed the united states up f

george washington traveled. there were trips that presidents took that were called slings are round of the circle. the swings around the circle were efforts to get to the population and give speeches, to see people. one of the interesting things i that was a little booklet accompanied a trip and laid out a trip theodore roosevelt took. and that trip was in the early thes, and it went through western part of the u.s. in that little booklet, it had each city they were going to travel to and when they were going to be there, who they were , and factslk to about each city, like comedy people there were, what was the temperature -- like how many people there were, what was the temperature at the time they were going to be there. toy were clearly trying accommodate the needs of reporters. and that was done during the wasod when george cortelyou working for theodore roosevelt. time, there were reporters following the president. in what became the body watch --erage of a different type harrison took a trip, harrison, gr

washington and london didn't accept that but putin made that perfectly clear another nature. there's no we're not going to do great because that's one step two for all of that's if you like russia's back door yeah i mean if you let me go to let me go back to washington if only if i mean if he stands up and says no we're defending our national interest that's automatically equated into aggression we give me the logic or the illogic of that statement well peter it's not about what the russian interests alone it's about anybody's right to have interest. what russians are fighting for right now it's everybody's right to have a national interest at all because as a colleague of mine remarked a few years ago there are no country's only rebellious provinces you've got this imperialist thinking in washington is embodied by karl rove's comments ten years ago to a new york times reporter saying oh we're an empire and we create facts and all of your reality based people are left to examine them afterwards these are people who believe that their will is the law they don't believe that th

darrell from washington state. democrat line. >> caller: yeah, i've been listening to your audience. i'm originally from missouri, so tying beach missouri a one time was desolated by toxin. they may go back to the 60s with the bald eagle was decimated by the pollutant from all the other -- stomach so as americans, as we are progressive in our state and our country, we're a bunch of crybabies. we do not need to consume more than we need. and we need to be good stewards. for our children and beyond. so when we talk about jobs and so forth, i'm 57 now. i was in the military. my point is we have to come together to make this happen. we have to put our differences and say, we can do this. as americans, as democrats and republicans. and the congress needs to come together and look down the road 20 years from now. these jobs are going overseas. now -- >> host: we have to leave it there. and you both talked about the divide these issues usually takes, you talked about coming together. is that a possibility on any front? >>

andcover the white house washington for many years. it's a president every really away from his job? >> never really. george washington broke off from his desk in philadelphia. to mt. vernon. chesident kennedy's spee writer and special counsel at many presidents have said, that a president's office is wherever the president maybe. unlike congress or the supreme court, the presidency never assurance. politics playoes in presidential vacations, presidential getaways? >> i am not sure what. ishink the need to get away probably predominant. as we have see recent presidencies. if you have your own home, you tend to go to it. otherwise, like president obama, you go to a place of interest you. and because of security concerns, you have to get a rented property. >> do you think it is just the press or the public, does the public understand that the president needs to get away from the pressures of the job or is focusingess that keeps on what the president is doing on vacation and what is happening in washington and elsewhere? >> i think both.

a lot of development in washington. the good news is that the high point of population in washington was after the term of franklin delano roosevelt, who grew the federal government massively, and washington grew along with it. then the population of thisngton declined until last census. it's the first time the population again grew. threats that has come to buildings. explained it is 12 chapters. there is a brief narrative in each chapter, and then you go to the site that illustrates the narrative. we are also fortunate because there were so many buildings that were almost torn down that were at risk, whether it was the eisenhower executive office building, the patent office was , andt torn down fortunately, many of them were saved, but not all of them. -- i think it was yesterday, we have an example of the old post office, which was a very ungainly building. most of washington government architecture is this kind of -- i'm going to blank on it -- classic style. here you have the old post office pavilion, which is roma

it goes right into washington. a little ways up the river it goes straight to baltimore then we have the railroad line that comes straight down here from baltimore and the spur and then two roads that went right to baltimore. there was panic in the streets in baltimore and washington when they heard and, of course, the rumors started nyingful early had gained troops, had about 14,000 troops on july 9th. the rumors were that he had 15, 20, 30, 35,000 troops. washington's -- the command structure was fragmented. there were a lot of generals in washington, d.c.. in fact, general halleck, army chief of staff at one point said we have plenty here. that was the situation in washington. now, backs down here in richmond, grant when he learned what was happening here did not want to send troops outside of richmond. this is his grand plan to end the war. you can read the telegrams that go back and forth outside of richmond. you can read his memoirs of people who were on his staff and read the letters that they wrote. grant w