and also poland and lithuania at one time were united. but lithuania was once a very great country. and they were basically captured parts of russia to the black sea. also in poland, because there were so many jewish people, there was a dad -- the jews had a -- their own constitution from the polish government which allowed them to keep their own public schools. and the public schools were called -- to translate to english, culture. o in the -- and these schools, the most subjects were taught in hebrew. but you had to study the history of the country and the language. i just remember a few words. bill: and that's what you were doing in vilna. julius: yes. bill: so our audience understands you're in the ruppings-occupied part of the country. julius: yeah. it is a very old city and has a great history. but we had no money. so we ended up living in one room in the jewish ghetto. the ghettos were established in italy and middle ages. lived in greater density in such places. it was terrible living in that room. at night, the rats and mice .ould emerge from the floors schoolhad to walk to

after a year in lithuania, the family returned to palestine in october 1940. this event was part of the united states holocaust memorial museum's first person series. it's a little over an hour. >>> good morning and welcome to the united states holocaust memorial museum. my name is bill benson, the host of the museum's public program first person. thank you for joining us today. we are in our 17th year of the first person program. and our first person today is mr. julius menn, who we shall meet shortly. this 2016 season of first person is made possible by the generosity of the lewis franklin smith foundation with additional funding from the arlene and daniel fisher foundation. we are grateful for their sponsorship. first person is a series of conversations with survivors of the holocaust who share with us their firsthand accounts of their experience during the holocaust. each of our first person guests serves a

after a year in lithuania, the family returned to palestine in october 1940. this event was part of the united states holocaust memorial museum's first person series. it's a little over an hour. >>> good morning and welcome to the united states holocaust memorial museum. my name is bill benson, the host of the museum's public program first person. thank you for joining us today. we are in our 17th year of the first person program. and our first person today is mr. julius menn, who we shall meet shortly. this 2016 season of first person

after a year in lithuania, the family returned to palestine in october 1940. this event was part of the united states holocaust memorial museum's first person series. it's a little over an hour. >>> good morning and welcome to the united states holocaust memorial museum. my name is bill benson, the host of the museum's public program first person.

you give us the district in him lithuania or a member what happened to czechoslovakia. he is using half-truths. the best thing about half-truths that they can be very credible on the surface. the problem with half-truths is that they do not add up. to half-truths do not make a full truth. the point is, what hitler set on the surface and to a german audience sounded absolutely persuasive. let's look at a more detailed part of one section of the speech. that is a response to roosevelt's request not to attack those 31 countries. this is a clip that most of you will have seen. [speaking german] [laughter] mr. bytwerk: again, the audience response with uproarious laughter he goes through the list. he actually invaded quite a few of those 31. this seemed at the time ridiculous. let's look to be extended argument referring to roosevelt's message. he says first after he has gone through this message that he would ask whether roosevelt angry was initiated by them or whether there is further consent in this. the responses obtained were negative throughout, in part even marked by

he got out to lithuania and then manchuria. from manchuria, my sister took over and went to america in 1941. he is the one that came to pick the two brothers up. host: ok, we can open this up to comments. [indiscernible] >> timing is everything. [indiscernible] mr. mandel: himmler was number three in the german government. he was making any kind of deals he possibly can. remember, adolph eisman was captured in argentina. there was a trade of people for money. my time in this country consisted of when my brother and sister came to visit. a grandfather, who i never knew , chose to stay. my father came to visit after the war. as well of the remaining members of the family. 1949, the family consisted of my mother, my father, and i. my mother was here, my father , and more importantly they made a decision, conscious , decision, that it was not the time to bring a child into this world. my mother adopted. they produced five children. many families made the decision not to bring children into the world. i've been married for more year

that's followed by survivor julius mann who tells his story of getting through the war in poland and lithuania. then anna grows who survived the holocaust in romania. >> the political battled during reconstruction, and at 10:50 historians discuss the different narratives created after the war to explain why the south lost. next on american history tv holocaust survivor louise lawrence israel recalls going into hiding with her family after german forces invaded the netherlan netherlands. louise celebrated her second and third birthdays in an amsterdam apartment hidden in plain sight using false identification papers acquired by her father. she discusses how her family coped with life in hiding and how it has affected her since. this event was part of the united states holocaust memorial museum's first person series. >>> we've prepared a brief audio visual introduction and some images. she was born in the netherlands in 1942. the pointer is now pointing to amsterdam, the capital of netherlan netherlands. this is a picture of louise when she was 1 years old. she was cute then. she's still cute no

the former soviet union outside russia, for example, in the baltic countries, this would be latvia, lithuania and estonia, there are foreign intelligence records. even though they were soviet republics and were not the central after kiv, there were several copies of foreign intelligence documents from the kgb that you can find there, particularly in lithuania and estonia, which have separate kgb after kivs. in latvia, it's merged within the central state after kiv and is not and there was more destruction of material there in the final months of the soviet regime than in lithuania and estonia, but you can find very useful materials in all three countries, foreign intelligence records of the soviet regime. then in russia, the foreign intelligence archive, which is in the outskirts of moscow -- it used to be in lubianka, in the main building in central moscow, but in 1974, it was moved out to yseniva, the whole foreign intelligence apparatus. it was still part of the kbg, the main directorate, but it was moved out there, and so was the archive. that archive has been inaccessible throughout the