i am pleased to have michael waldman back. >> we would be in a lot clearer place if the sentence was clearer. it is only 27 words. it is a militia necessary for the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. we have been wrestling with what that means ever since. >> give me the interpretation. >> we are now debating gun laws and gun safety. it is the first time we have had that debate with the second amendment on the tip of everybody's tongues. the supreme court never ruled the second amendment recognizes an individual right to gun ownership until 2008. that was the case justice scalia wrote. it said what it really recognizes is an individual's ability to protect themselves in the home. the dissenters said it was actually what the second amendment was saying was less individual and more about society. it was more about militias. >> let's talk about it. well regulated militia being necessary to the security of the free state? >> it turns out for the framers that was really important. those militias were at the heart of their policy